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262 Globalization Essay Topics & Globalization Research Topics

Welcome to our list of globalization research topics and essay ideas! Here, you will find plenty of current topics about globalization trends, benefits, and challenges. But that’s not all of it! In addition to topic ideas, you will also find here examples of research papers and globalization essays. Check them out below!

🔝 Top 10 Globalization Topics for Research

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• The Evolution of Global Trade
• Pros and Cons of Economic Integration
• Globalization’s Role in Climate Change
• The Impact of Globalization on Local Traditions
• The Disparities between Rich and Poor Nations
• How Does Labor Migration Affect Globalization?
• How Multinational Corporations Influence Globalization
• What Challenges Does Globalization Pose for Public Health?
• How Globalization Helps Spread Information and Innovation
• The Balance between National Autonomy and International Integration
• The Impact of Globalization Discussing globalization objectively in its entirety is a challenging endeavor, since it touches upon almost every aspect of the modern world, and its influences differ from one region to the other.
• Impact of Globalization on Norms and Experiences around Gender Inequality is one of the most prolonged global debates that have refused to go away despite the great strides made through globalization
• Globalization and Cultural Diversity in the Workplace Cultural diversity should be incorporated into the company’s policies combined with teaching workers this fundamental issue in the business environment.
• Globalization and Citizenship in EU The strategies and goals of integration are developed by the EU Committees but they do not reflect goals and needs of the nation-stats.
• Globalization Impacts on the United Nations Institution This analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the political, cultural, and economic impacts of globalization in the United Nations Institution.
• Singapore Globalization: Criterias and Ranks Singapore is the most globalized country in the world in 2009. It is open to trade; has capital and labor movements, cultural integration; exchanges technology and ideas.
• The Advantages of Globalization Globalization is the process of growth and interconnection of world economies and cultures, which are aided by transport and trade.
• Globalization Advantages and Negative Cultural Impact This paper focuses on globalization. Drivers of the globalization agenda are multinationals corporations, international financial markets, and transnational agencies.

• Child Labor Role in Westernization and Globalization Child labor is one of the many ways in which monetization of necessities due to globalization has led to an obsession with money and disregard for human rights in different parts of the world.
• Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization This paper discusses how does the study of modern imperialism help us to understand why some former colonies fear economic globalization today.
• Globalization Essence by M. Steger and N. Bisley Globalization: A very short introduction by Manfred Steger and Rethinking globalization by Nick Bisley define the necessity to treat the globalization and consider its complexity.
• Evaluating the Effects: Advantages of Globalization Being only a concept in the 20th century, the process of globalization has swept the entire world by 2000s and is taking an increasingly fast pace at present.
• The Globalization Index and Singapore as the Leading State This paper discusses the Globalization Index and what challenges the United States or any other developed country would face if it attempted to replace Singapore in the top spot.
• The Effect of Globalization in Economic Development Globalization has influenced modern life in many ways. Economists support the argument that individual economies are facing growth in respect to the prevailing globalization.
• Globalization and Businesses in New Economies Globalization helps business thrive in new economies through foreign investments that help them to have commercial rights for increasing the production of goods and services.
• Globalization and Its Benefits for the United States Held and McGrew define globalization as the integration of aspects such as the economy, religion, culture, social systems, and politics worldwide.
• Spiritual Perspectives on Globalization by Ira Rifkin Cultural element of globalization describes regional side and national cultural peculiarities which are seen by the world society.
• The Impact of Globalization on Immigration Control Globalization is one of the key factors that influence immigration. The effects are extensive to the extent of complicating the efforts of controlling immigration.
• Aspects of Globalization: Positive and Negative Effects This paper will explore the aspects of globalization in economic terms, preference on international trade by national economies, the Americans and Europeans’ dependency on Asia for production.
• Globalization Impact on Sustainable Agriculture The emphasis on globalization has continued to undermine the pursuit of sustainable agriculture due to the many environmental, social, and economic consequences.
• Globalization’ Positive and Negative Effects Globalization is often characterized by the usage of improved technology, increased movement of people and development of non-governmental and multinational organizations.
• Globalization and the Social Interest of Workers The paper sets out to demonstrate that globalization is not in the social interest of low-wage workers in developing nations and factory workers in the developed countries.
• The Pitfalls of Globalization The current pace of the globalization process seems to have been in decline for several years due to the misconception about the stage that it has supposedly reached.
• Millenium Development Goals and Globalization The major objective of Development Goals is to foster the positive development of the world in the new century, thus making human lives better.
• Globalization Impacts on Trade and Employment Globalization refers to the integration of the world markets. It facilitates smooth movement of goods and people from one country to another.
• Globalization and Cultural Hybridization Globalization affects all spheres of human activity starting from education, policy, management, and ending with art, culture, etc.
• Globalization Theories in the Business Environment The paper elaborates on the neo-classical, Marxist and structuralist perspectives on globalization before closing with the most concurrent theorem out of the three perspectives.
• Globalization: Managing Across Cultures Managing across culture is a product of globalization, that expatriate from a foreign culture moves to a totally new culture and is required to manage people from diverse cultures and backgrounds.
• Globalization and Cultural Knowledge of China China is growing at an unprecedented rate in the history of the world. It stands to cause ripples in the world as its presence in various aspects of the global economy grows.
• Identity Politics as a Response to Globalization Despite numerous positive outcomes that it promises, the concept of globalization as the basis for multicultural communication and learning is not fully devoid of certain issues.
• Impact of Globalization on Gender Norms and Experiences The contemporary world is characterized by economic, social, cultural, and political integration of both men and women across all spheres.
• Leadership and Globalization in the US and Japan Leadership is a social influence in which a person can motivate or influence others and acquire their support in order to work together and accomplish a certain task.
• Globalization Impact on Trade and Employment One of the notable effects of globalization is heightened trade liberalization and opening up of global labor markets.
• Globalization and Democratization Relationship This paper explores the existing relationship between democracy and globalization. It focuses on democratization, globalization and their imperativeness.
• “The Globalization of Markets” by Theodore Levitt In his article “The Globalization of Markets,” Theodore Levitt anticipated the effects of globalization and advancement in technology to international business.
• Hard Rock Café: E-Commerce and Globalization Hard Rock Café can utilize ICT and e-commerce models by hiring customer care executives working from home and submitting their work loads to the café’s head quarters.
• Globalization Effect on Developing Countries’ Business The objective of this study is to show how globalization can benefit a particular nation. This objective is implemented by considering a developing economy that is Nigeria.
• Globalization Effect on Small and Medium Size Business This section will introduce the paper based on the concept that globalization and development of SMEs may not be separated from each other.
• Globalization Influence on Product Development This essay presents a critical analysis of the marketing strategies as they apply to the international marketing efforts of firms in the context of globalization.
• Contemporary Globalization and Its Impact As Shakespeare predicted a long time ago, the world is shrinking into a small global scene where everyone has a role to play.
• Ethics in Reporting: Globalization and Media Ethics in reporting tends to distance itself from the manipulation of the media, which advocates for a well-organized and political dichotomization in media reportage.
• Globalization vs. Traditions in Eastern Culture Because of the increasing pace of globalization, the cultures of different states mix up, thus, blurring the distinctions between the East and the West.
• Globalization Concept and Its Impact on the State Globalization does not make the state redundant. On the contrary, it makes it important for the full exploitation of the opportunities that come as a result of international integration.
• Germany’ Sovereignty in the Age of Globalization In the modern globalized world, it is quite difficult for a state, even for one of the most powerful ones, to completely preserve its autonomy from the rest of the world.
• Globalization and National Security Issues International security researchers have taken side of the big debate, with some arguing that globalization has indeed contributed to national and international security.
• Globalization and Its Consequences: Economic Crossroads Since modern society is moving at a galloping pace towards globalization and world economic integration, it seems most reasonable to reconcile for a moment and consider the economical problems.
• Education History and Globalization This report analyzes articles on the education revolution, examines its impact on the economy in the country, learning tools, assesses curriculum and other related issues.
• Globalization Influences Discussed in TED Talks This work analysis the TED video “Navigating Our Global Future” and “Actually, the World isn’t flat” and discusses related issues.
• Globalization and Diversity in TEDx Talk Shows This paper examines TEDx talk shows that discuss diversity and globalization issues and how globalization can reduce poverty levels in developing economies.
• Human Rights, Globalization and Economic Development Based on Bryzk’s definition of globalization, it is clear that a globalized world makes it easy to have a free flow of information and ideas across the border.
• Air Transport and Its Benefits for Globalization With excellent transportation systems, the world is exposed to better trading in terms of exports and imports of goods and services.
• The Impact of Globalization on Labor Market and Trade Globalization is the process that refers to the coming together of the international markets. This report examines the impacts of globalization on trade and employment.
• Chapters 2 and 9 of “Sociology of Globalization” by Smith Chapters 2 and 9 of the book Sociology of Globalization edited by Keri Smith have proven there is nothing accidental about the ongoing “decline of the West.”
• Supply Chain Management in Globalization Era In the accelerating process of globalization, supply chain management is an integral part of most organizations which is essential to a company’s success.
• Globalization’s Role in Improving Women’s Rights On the one hand, globalization unites people and makes them follow the same standards or use similar opportunities.
• Qualitative Threshold: Globalization and Communication Technologies Globalization is a long-term phenomenon involving a gradual change of events. This process has occurred in distinct phases with each having unique characteristics.
• American Popular Culture and Globalization Effects The ubiquity of wealth-concentrated American popular culture in the lives of modern people threatens the generally accepted system of values and causes adverse shifts in it.
• The Globalization of Walmart Back in the 1990s, Walmart planned to conquer nations with large populations and growing purchasing power: Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, and China.
• “The Globalization of Markets” Book by Levitt Levitt predicted a range of trends that would occur in the global market, including the need to appeal to different types of customers.
• Market Globalization and Global Marketing Pitfalls Customization is fraught with several outcomes that may inhibit the further advancement of a company in the global economy.
• Globalization and Health A planned urban society has access to safe and clean drinking water with appropriate sanitation and waste removal mechanisms.
• Globalization and Knowledge Management This paper outlines the knowledge management in the context of globalization and using personal experience with virtual learning.
• Globalization and Russian Influence This paper aims to review the security reasoning of Russia for the United States and European states concerning globalization.
• Moving Away From Globalization: Consequences This paper aims to examine whether it is possible to move away from globalization, as well as its security and policy implications.
• Geographical Conditions’ Affect of Globalization The scholars of the 20th century conceptualized this idea, by creating the North-South divide – a geographic line between the countries that signifies the division on wealthy and emerging nations
• Three Areas of Concern for Committee on Globalization This report aims to explore the three major problems that are a result of globalization, and that can have a negative impact on the nations in the Global North.
• China’s Impact on Globalization and International Security This paper aims to use China as a case study to examine the impact of China on globalization and international security.
• International Economy. Oakley’s Globalization Theory In “International Political Economy,” Thomas Oakley discusses globalization, its drivers, and its effects on various actors in the international scene.
• Media Production and Connections in Globalization The question of an essay is how to promote films and create content that can be popular among the worldwide audience.
• Leadership in the Context of Globalization This paper aims to outline the issue of leadership in the context of globalization, conduct a GAP analysis, offer recommendations for developing necessary leadership competencies.
• Globalization and Corporate Social Responsibility The topic chosen for this research is globalization and corporate social responsibility because it is a unique and novel concept for transnational businesses.
• The Effects of Globalization on Sports For many people in the world, globalization is the revolution of the future. Conversely, this is not true as globalization exists in the present day.
• Coca – Cola: Business Strategy and Globalization The presence of the globalization phenomenon in the Company’s strategy can be proven by its effective presence in more then two hundred countries around the world.
• Globalization, the Sex Trade and HIV-AIDS Two separate incidents but same destiny. Caught in the racket of sex traffickers both the girls end up as sex slaves. This brings us only to face with an increasing truth of trafficking of women globally.
• Globalization: More Positive Effects Than Negative Ones Globalization refers to the “increasing interconnectedness of people and places through the converging process of economic, political and cultural change.”
• Globalization and Cultural Difference of Societies The culturally different societies of the planet are being swarmed by globally obtainable goods, media, ideas, and organizations.
• TNCs Contribution to Globalization of Retail Industry Transnational corporations make a great contribution to globalization issues and development of the global industry structure.
• Global Politics: Women’s Rights, Economy, Globalization Globalization is a critical phenomenon in global politics. It is the integration of the people of the world through economic, socio-cultural, and technological forces.
• Coca-Cola Company’s Strategy & Globalization Issues Multinational corporations are increasing day by day and they are usually criticized because of issues like environmental stability, sustainability etc.
• Globalization’s Impact on Banks in Canada Thanks to the current trends in capital mobility, the banking system has heavily suffered at the hands of globalization.
• Impact of Globalization on Australia Globalization has enhanced the quality of life in Australia due to the fact that foreign investors are allowed to open up ventures in the country.
• Regional Integration Inconsistency with Globalization With the term of Globalization being in vogue and regional integration agreements being signed across the globe, the coalition of the concepts has been questioned.
• Issues in the International Politics: Globalization Globalization in the international political system is considered to be centralized due to its impact on external links and close connection with political structures and mechanisms
• “Globalization, Poverty and Inequality” by Kaplinsky Global trade is likely to offer benefits to the partaking countries; mainly trade presumptions are anchored in the supposition of full employment.
• International Marketing – Impact of Globalization This paper seeks to identify the impact of globalization in international business and how companies can fully utilize the concept in order to attain their objectives
• Survival of Minority Ethnic Groups in Globalization Even if a cultural minority can gain or sustain independence over a long period of time, economic sustainability would not allow it t maintain its sovereignty as a culture.
• Is Globalization a Threat or an Opportunity to Developing Countries? The topic on the effects of globalization has generated a lot of debate in trying to analyze its contribution to either the success or failure of some aspects of economies.
• Globalization Affecting the Role of Leaders in Organizations Globalization is influencing leadership because of the way it affects society through its processes. It has caused changes in the political, social, and economical aspects.
• Impact of New Technologies and Globalization on Literature The issue of globalization’s effect on the development of different countries has always been rather controversial.
• Asian Film Industry Globalization Before 1997, most of the East Asian film industry was purely based within the region and marred with little success. Two political and economic events that year marked a turning point for this industry.
• Bauman’s Concept of Globalization in Understanding the Rise in Human Displacement This paper discusses the concept of globalization as viewed by Bauman, assesses the concept of increasing numbers of refugees, asylum seekers, and economic migrants in the world.
• Contemporary Globalization Since 1914 With free trade dictating the shape of today’s global market, many poor nations have been able to transform their economies through global market competition and accessibility of capital flows from wealthy nations.
• International Organizations Role in Globalization Process The representatives of international organizations have a common agenda: turning the world into a “global village” and prompting the world’s population to think of neoLiberalism.
• Peru – Globalization, Environment, Crime and Disease The paper synthesizes a number of legitimate sources to focus on globalization and its effects on Peru with special relation to environmental issues, crime, and diseases.
• Total Quality Management: Impact of Globalization on Quality There are several ways to ensure that information technology (IT) has been implemented into a business process with respects to Total Quality Management (TQM).
• Ethics In The Business Globalization That is not a secret that in business there are some ethical rules and norms, which should be followed by everyone, who deals in the business sphere.
• Environment: Rapid Increasing in Industrialization and Globalization Rapid industrial development, once seen only in Europe, USA, and certain other parts of the world has now spread to many developing economies as well.
• Globalization and Its Impact on Firms Countless changes have occurred as a result of globalization, and firms have to adjust to these changes. Globalization is not all positive for organizations and countries.
• The Impact of Globalization on World Politics Globalization as the process that creates preconditions for the eventual emergence of World Government, which will exercise an authority over planet’s natural and human resources.
• World Is Flat: Globalization Effect Globalization is the tendency, which develops steadily and rapidly almost all over the world. The fact is that, even ten years ago level of globalization was close to zero, while nowadays it is rather high.
• Whether Globalization Makes Consumer Powerless? If a business wants to thrive among international competition, it’s aim cannot be maximising its profits alone. Today, informed consumers want the manufacturers to restrict their carbon emissions.
• Globalization in Media: Pros and Cons Globalization in the media sphere is influenced by changes in political and cultural spheres bringing new economic opportunities and financial capitals to media giants.
• The Impact of Racism on Globalization Racism is a great impediment to globalization, the bad blood between the said people of color and those of no color has dealt a big blow to development.
• Importance of Globalization on International Business Globalization is very important in that it promotes worldwide growth as well as promotes peaceful coexistence globally through understanding.
• Education With Regard to Globalization Issues Education is very important for representatives of the modern global community as would-be professionals and labor force.
• Globalization in a Global Economy World economies and societies have come together to work as a global economy by having common means of transportation, communication, and marketing.
• Communication Technology and Globalization Growth in communication networks brought out by information technology witnessed a stream of expansion of products and ideas breaking geographic boundaries.
• Globalization and Immigration: Globalization Policies Leaders and citizens in such nations feel threatened by the influx of both legal and illegal immigrants into their nations.
• Globalization Negative Effects on Canadian Labour Union Globalization is directly and indirectly affected labor unions in Canada. Positive effect was in form of developing the country’s economy and creating job opportunities to Canadian citizens.
• Globalization of the SK-II Brand SK-II Brand has been said to concentrate on its core business through innovation, expanding penetration in developing countries and restructuring its existing business.
• “The Globalization of American Law” by R. D. Kelemen and E. C. Sibbitt The arguments presented to explain the phenomenon of Americanization of legal style in both the EU and Japan are likely possible contributing factors.
• Globalization and Transformative Process Drivers This paper will discuss the meaning of globalization and the factors contributing to the global transformation process.
• Motivation and Globalization in Multinational Companies Motivation in the case of globalization becomes a burning issue of multinational companies as they should establish the most appropriate way to motivate their employees.
• Ethics and Globalization in Business A business will only manage to keep up its reputation if it recognizes the established business ethics in its environment. Every firm must follow to the letter the code of conduct.
• Human Resources Management and How It Is Affected by Globalization and Technology? HRM functions have been widely affected by the changing trends around the world: various parts of the world are integrating, newer technologies and better concepts are evolving.
• Economic Globalization: The Role of Geography Globalization is by no means a modern phenomenon closely connected with the geographical structure of the world and location of a particular country.
• Globalization and Education – Economic, Political and Cultural Dimensions The surge in Information technology usage, increasing interest in the Internet, and global communication have melted the country’s borders in terms of education availability.
• Globalization and Its Effects on World Economies The interconnectivity of the global community has had its fair share of both positive and negative impacts with either of them producing different outcomes.
• “Globalization, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society: Sociological Perspectives: 2” by Peter Jarvis The book by Peter Jarvis “Globalization, Lifelong Learning and the Learning Society: Sociological Perspectives: 2” is a research book with an overall perspective on the value of education.
• Role of Globalization in Asian Market Globalization has created international markets for organizations. It has the potential to transform what it means for a company work and thrive in a foreign market.
• Globalization: Impact and Consequences From a cultural point of view, some people worry that globalization does not create a diverse mix of cultures, but rather enables cultural expansion.
• Globalization and Career of University of East London’s Students The UEL offers a wide range of study areas which allow the student to choose an interesting academic area where they aspire to be employed and begin a career.
• How Globalization Affects Governance? The process of globalization inevitably affects governance all over the world. In this paper, the peculiarities of the process of affecting governance by globalization will be addressed in detail.
• Leadership and Organizational Change: Diversity and Globalization This paper discusses issues of diversity and globalization within the workplace that include differences in primary languages, social statuses, national origins and religions.
• Global Governance Institutions in Context of Globalization The paper analyzes the standards of justice like the international law, sanctions against terrorism and the courts and focuses on the standard of democracy regarding globalization.
• Chinese Companies and Globalization Issues People are the driving force of a company; to unleash that force, the patrimonial approach should be changed to more liberal and liberating methods.
• Free Trade as a Fundamental Principle of Modern Globalization Free trade has become critical in the globalized world by expanding diversity of not just goods, but technology and workforce.
• Long-Term Impacts of the Chinese-American Trade War and Globalization of the World Economy The globalization of the economy has become a consequence of the increasing embeddedness of national economies into the world economy.
• Energy Crisis: The Processes of Globalization and the Unification Applying approaches in the study of economic crises, it can be concluded that the cause of an energy crisis can be not only a shortage but also an excess of energy resources.
• Present Day Resistance Historical Roots to the Trade Globalization The selfish character of economic integration is the primary historical basis for the resistance to globalization.
• Outsourcing and Globalization as Driving Force The major driving forces behind outsourcing include the force of globalization, cost of production, labor issues, and the problem of unionization.
• The Dark Side of Globalization Buoyancy on the Bayou: Shrimpers Face the Rising Tide of Globalization by Jill Ann Harrison explores the effect of globalization on local worlds.
• Overcoming CSR Challenges in the Age of Globalization The practice of exhibiting proactive social responsibility has become a trend among leading firms operating in the global arena.
• Globalization and the Formation of New Claims Economic globalization is an ongoing process that creates both opportunities for the growth of big cities with their corporations and problems for smaller businesses and citizens.
• Globalization and Related Environmental Issues Globalization supports the flow of raw materials, wastes, and pollutants from one region to another. The wave of industrialization does not care much about environmental issues.
• The Positive and Negative Aspects of Globalization Globalization is the result of many socio-economic processes associated with the widespread use of information technology and new means of communication.
• Globalization of Healthcare in the US and Haiti Globalization has led to the widespread development of the so-called “medical tourism,” that is, travel to other countries for medical purposes, including diagnosis, treatment.
• Why Globalization Causes Turbulence and Disruption Globalization compromised people’s freedom of choice and action as it allowed multinational enterprises to impact human behavior using technologies.
• Capitalism, Climate Change, and Globalization Globalization allowed significant corporations to put a substantial strain on the environment in developing countries.
• The Effects of Globalization on Trade Globalization entails incorporating national wealth through the trade of goods, investment, capital distribution, labor exchange, and technology use.
• The Financial Crisis and Its Connection With Globalization This essay examines two audio interviews that raise the issue of globalization and its impact on the economic security and policies of international banks.
• Economic Globalization and Daily Life The stated factors belong to the concept of economic globalization, which implies the process through which states and corporations expand to the global scale.
• The Effects of Globalization to Employment and International Trade Globalization has negative effects on employment as it lowers wages for unskilled labor and increases wage inequality, on the other hand, it increases trade between countries.
• Pop Culture as a Potent Globalization Tool Pop culture popularizes different ideas and makes them familiar to people from various countries, which helps to minimize the number of misunderstandings.
• How Residents of Georgia Understand and React to Globalization In the case of the state of Georgia, the understanding and reaction to globalization focus on economic integration and social well-being.
• “The Globalization of Eating Disorders” by Susan Bordo This paper analyzes the text of an article written in 2002 by Susan Bordo, an American professor, and philosopher, whose works are marked by several prestigious awards.
• Tangible & Inevitable: Globalization as a Worldwide Phenomenon Globalization may be defined as the process of integration and interaction among countries worldwide and the growing interdependence of their economies, populations, and cultures.
• Globalization and Competition: The USA, Western Europe, Japan The leading tendency of globalization is its presence even in those countries where other trends of the current world economy are weakly and hardly noticeable.
• Globalization in Anthropological Perspective The anthropological perspective is a powerful model that guides scholars to analyze human diversity and empower individuals from different backgrounds.
• Globalization and Economic Inequality The debate on the issue of economic inequality mitigation has been one of the central aspects of global discussion for decades.
• Evaluating Cultural Dimensions of Globalization The objective of the current paper is to explore the cultural dimensions of globalization from the perspective of its relation to countries and nations.
• Globalization as a Phenomenon and Its Impacts Globalization is a phenomenon, which has been made possible due to the development of communication technologies and multifaceted relationships among countries.
• Globalization and American Productivity
• International Finance and Globalization
• Cultural Globalization as the Americanization of the World’s Cultures
• Process of Globalization and Nationalist Movements
• The Facets of Globalization in Internet Security
• Economic Globalization and Labour Rights
• Geographical Diversification and Globalization
• Globalization: On the Importance of ICT & Transnational Corporations
• Globalization and Health Systems in India
• Evaluation of the Meaning and Impact of Globalization in Relation to Criminal Justice
• Foreign Direct Investment: Globalization of Production
• Globalization of Nursing: Infant Mortality Rate in the US and Other States
• Economics: The Impact of Globalization
• Effects of Globalization: The Case of LuLu Group Int
• Globalization, Its Defenders and Critics
• Globalization and Technology in Health Care
• Globalization Effect on Social Movements
• “”Globalization” by Peter Temin: Article Analysis”
• Apple Inc.’s Globalization Strategy and International Trade
• Americanization Is Not a Synonym for Globalization
• Global Poverty and Economic Globalization Relations
• Reflection of “Globalization of Missions” Article
• Globalization: Arguments For and Against
• Wireless Industry and Globalization for US Economy
• The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Globalization
• Globalization of Video Games and Its Influence in the Society
• The Effects of Globalization on the Environment
• Hip Hop’s Globalization and Influence of Hip-Hop Music in Japan
• American Dominant Minority Relations and Impact of Globalization
• Apple Inc. Affected by Globalization and Technology
• History of Globalization and World Integration
• Human Sense of Place in the Context of Globalization
• Globalization and Its Impact on Society
• Globalization Strategies for Multinational Enterprises
• Relationship Between Urbanization, Globalization, and People
• Globalization Opportunities and Challenges for Companies
• Anthropocene and Its Role in Globalization
• Globalization’s Role for Developing Countries: Zambia
• Globalization: Impact on Modern Society
• Negative Sentiments Against Trade and Globalization
• John Deere Company in View of Globalization
• Globalization and Personal Identity Intersection
• Social Media Impact on Globalization
• Solving Problems Through Globalization
• Globalization in Modern Business
• Food and Water Security as Globalization Issues
• Globalization Impact on Socioeconomic Inequality
• Ethnic Violence in the Era of Economic Globalization
• Impacts of Globalization on the Developing Countries
• Globalization: Beauty Sculpt for You
• Researching the Concept of Globalization
• Globalization and Christian Mission
• Globalization After World War I
• Impact of Progressive Globalization
• Pros and Cons of Globalization
• Globalization and Human Resource Policies and Practices
• The Impact of Globalization on Business in India and the USA
• Globalization and Poverty: Trade Openness and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria
• The Social Media Impact on Globalization
• Globalization and Its Scale in the World
• Interconnection of Globalization and Culture
• The Impact of Technology on Globalization
• The Phenomenon of Terrorism and Its Relation to Globalization
• Project Management Analysis and Globalization
• Globalization and Its Pros and Cons
• Globalization: Climate Crisis and Capitalist Ideology
• Globalization and Democratic Peace Theory
• Netflix’s Globalization in Brazil
• Ways of Eating Around the World: Impact of Globalization
• Globalization and Geographic Information System
• The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Globalization
• Globalization and Technology Impacts on Ethics
• Globalization Challenges in Developing Countries and Japan
• Effects of Colonialism and Globalization
• The Globalization Impact on the US Foreign Policy
• Globalization and its Impact on the World
• Globalization and Its Ethical Implications
• Response to Globalization Pressure
• Globalization: Impact on International Business
• Ford Motor Company’s Globalization Strategy
• Why Youth and Community Workers Should Understand Globalization?
• What Has Been the Effect of Globalization on Terrorism?
• Who Are the Main Losers in the Process of Globalization?
• Why Is Customer Service Needed in the Globalization of Logistics?
• Why Resisting Globalization Can Be Reasonable?
• Why Are the Critics So Convinced That Globalization Is Bad for the Poor?
• What Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade?
• What Are the Costs and Benefits of Globalization?
• Why Globalization Manufacturing Since the 1980s Has Changed Labor Relations?
• Why Did General Motors fail to Compete With Globalization?
• What Are the Challenges of International Development in the Age of Globalization?
• What Impact Does Globalization Have On E-commerce?
• Does Globalization Benefit Both Developed and Developing Countries?
• What the Public Should Know About Globalization and the World Trade Organization?
• What Are the Positive and Negative Effects of Globalization?
• Why Did Germany’s Hidden Champions Succeed in Globalization?
• Who Benefits From Globalization of Labor?
• Does Economic Globalization Affect Interstate Military?
• What Does the Globalization of Drug Trade Benefit?
• Why Does Globalization Generate Winners and Losers?
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The essay topic collection was published on September 9, 2021 . Last updated on September 13, 2023 .

620 Inspiring Globalization Essay Topics & Examples

Struggle with picking up the right topics for essay? In this article, you will find some useful writing tips, ideas, and globalization research questions for your paper.

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🌎 How to write an Outstanding Globalization Essay?

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Writing an essay on globalization is an interesting task that will require you to learn a lot of information about the issue.

Globalization affects all countries and their populations significantly, and it is vital to discuss its impact. You can study globalization from the perspective of many topics, such as politics, ecology, countries’ economies, and political sciences.

Globalization essay topics may include:

• Positive and negative effects of globalization
• The correlation between globalization and democratization: The perspective of developing countries
• The link between globalization and economics
• The effect of globalization on the world’s political realm
• The link between globalization and the development of technologies
• The significance of environmental awareness from the perspective of globalization
• Globalization and intelligence sharing
• Globalization essay: Advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Regardless of what issue you have selected, you should follow several simple rules while writing your paper. Here are some key points for writing outstanding globalization essays:

• To write an excellent paper, you should work on the globalization essay outline first. Think of how you want to structure your paper and remember that a good outline should help the reader to understand the information better.
• Search for the information that may be related to the problem you have selected. Remember to ask your professor about the types of sources you can use. As a general rule, students can always use peer-reviewed articles not more than five years old. However, do not forget to check credible websites to see if you can find useful information there.
• Remember not to include facts that you cannot support with evidence. This common mistake can make your essay look less credible.
• Checking out examples of essays online can help you to see how you can organize the information. This step is also important because it can help you to analyze the points other students have made in their essays.
• Include an introductory paragraph that will present the topic you have selected and outline the ideas you will discuss in the paper.
• Remember to present the definition of globalization. You should also discuss its effects even though your essay is focused on a different issue. It is important to help readers understand the significance of globalization and the problem you discuss.
• Do not focus on the information you have found during your preliminary research solely. It is important to state your personal opinion in the paper and support it with evidence. Avoid repeating the points mentioned in the literature without adding your commentary on them.
• Remember that an outstanding essay should be easy-to-understand. Avoid using unnecessary complex sentences, and define all terms that you want to include. Your goal should be not to show your knowledge but raise the audience’s awareness of the issue you are discussing.
• A globalization essay conclusion should include all of the important points you have made throughout the paper. You can also provide recommendations in this paragraph if necessary.
• Make sure that you use correct grammar and sentence structures in your essay. Grammatical mistakes may make the reader think that your opinion is not credible. It is better to check the essay several times before sending it to your professor.

Remember that you can check out our free samples and get the best grade for your works!

• Globalization: Metaphysical Perspective of the Western Industrialized World The metaphysical perspective of the western industrialized world may oppress people in many ways: children have nothing to do but accept the already existed conditions without any opportunity to change something from the very beginning, […]
• The Impact of Globalization in Malaysia The negative impact of the globalization process in 1997 was vocally criticized by Malaysia and marked it as a ‘betrayal’ by the western economies through the forces of the global market.
• The Economics of Globalization In South Korea There was a struggle between the North and the South; it was a pit against communist Russia against anti-communist America and the end result was a torn Korea with the South going to the Americans […]
• Globalization and Globalization as an Economic Phenomenon Globalization is the integration of trade around the world to form an international marketplace where goods and services produced in one continent go to another. Moreover, diversion of these resources leads to the reduction in […]
• Politics of Globalization in Taiwan According to Kwok, Taipei, the capital city and the largest city in Taiwan has become one of the global cities through the production of high technology and its components.
• Do the Benefits of Globalization Outweigh the Costs? Critics also argue that globalization has led to the spread of sweatshops and exploitation of workers from third world countries. However, critics of globalization argue that it has led to the erosion of national borders […]
• Imperialism and Globalization In spite of the fact that Haiti is already past the threatening state of affairs that it experienced at the times of imperialism, it still survives the aftereffects left by the reign of the latter.
• Globalization and the Commons The developed world has a role to play in assisting the indigenous communities of the developing countries. In Africa for instance, the US and other developed countries have helped to enhance water sustainability to eliminate […]
• Is Globalization the Main Culprit for the 2008 Global Financial Crisis? Globalization has eroded the powers and the sovereignty of the state, the role of the state to regulate and to steer forward the economy has been largely ignored at the expense of the market, these […]
• Globalization, Leadership and Organizational Change For instance, if a company is going global, it will be difficult to make decisions because it has little knowledge and experience of the global markets.
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Communities As a way to attract more tourists, the Mexican government seeks to develop facilities in the indigenous areas to the appeal of the visitors.
• Effects of Globalization and Increased Modernity on Indigenous and Native Populations across the World Based on the above implications, it is evidently noteworthy to say that globalization has been a key aspect in the development of Singapore.
• The Impact of Globalization in the Movie Still, the Children Are Here Thereby, it is possible to say that the impact of the civilization on the life of the villagers in the movie is not significant and people are able to save their traditional way of life […]
• Threats of Globalization on Culture of Individual Countries The world has become a “global village” this is due to the expansion of communication networks, the rapid information exchange and the lifting of barriers of visas and passports.
• Does the Idea of National Cinema Still Have Relevance in the Age of Globalization? Martial art is a known art across Asia and is part of the culture The whole attitude of the movie is complex because it starts out with no plot and the protagonist is set to […]
• Effects of Globalization Essay The second positive effect of globalization is that it promotes international trade and growth of wealth as a result of economic integration and free trade among countries.
• Ethical Frameworks in the Era of Globalization So far, business institutions failed to regard safety and security of environment and society and prioritize their duties and responsibilities in front of people. In the movie Corporation, the focus is first made on defining […]
• Globalization Theory, Its Benefits and Shortcomings Secondly, despite the fact that the communication systems are majorly used in developed nations, they are also finding a place in third world countries where the minority groups can also communicate and interact with the […]
• Future Perspectives of Globalization Globalization despite being seen as occurring “out there”, away from the daily lives and activities of women, the global economic and political effects have been evidenced in the struggles and lives of women and other […]
• Four Factors that Accelerate Globalization This paper is an, in depth, exploration of the reasons why these factors are contributing to accelerated globalization. As it has been stated above, among the reasons why globalization is growing at an accelerated pace […]
• Globalization Process for the Sovereignty Nations This is because the aim of globalization has been commercial and this has enabled investors to do business all over the world.
• Globalization and Its Impact on the Health Care System: Ethical Dilemmas of Medical Treatment Globalization is one of the processes that have a considerable impact on the development of the health care system and the way of how people are able to get treatment; the spread of an ethical […]
• Doha Round Development Failure and its Impact on Globalization The following are some of the factors that lead to the collapse of negotiations; During the period of negotiations, poverty levels in developing countries had increased instead of improved as the negotiations aimed at.
• Forms and Effects of Globalization This link commenced in the western region of China and went all the way to the borders of the Parthian Empire and proceeded in the direction of Rome.
• Globalization Positive and Negative Impacts People could not learn the subject of globalization the easy way until the outbreak of the World War I and II in the twentieth century.
• International Business: The Challenges of Globalization He is a member of several organizations, such as the Academy of International Business, and he is also an Associate Editor of the Middle East Business Review.
• Globalization in Latin American Countries Some people have argued that there is no significant difference between the current global economy and the one which existed in the 19th century, it is difficult to negate the fact that the pace of […]
• McDonald’s Globalization Process and Its Brief History Paper The following year, 1968, saw the introduction of the Big Mac hamburger that would become the signature fast food meal of all McDonald restaurants around the world as well as the opening of the 1,000th […]
• Globalization in South America Due to the inflation in the country, many people lost their jobs and had to look for ways of survival, and this was the birth of the Cartoneros.
• Positive and Negative Impacts of Globalization in Britain Britain has from time immemorial been the pacesetter for globalization due to the fact that it was among the first countries to achieve economic and political stability and was in a position to colonize other […]
• How Changes in Technology Has Contributed Towards the Globalization of Markets and of Production The new developments have lead to a scenario of a free market where there are may buyers and sellers, complete knowledge of the products produced, and entry or exit of the market is on the […]
• Globalization Argument of Anna Tsing On the other hand, the impacts of globalization are widely felt on the environment, cultural practices, political aspects, and in the advancements of the economies globally.
• Humanizing Globalization’ Professional Analysis of Speech Their use relevant and Lamy has succeeded in incorporating them in to the formal tone of his speech. Pronouns and alliterations- Lamy’s use of pronouns is balanced and relevant throughout the speech.
• Globalization: An Agent for Cultural Conflicts To reinforce this claim, this paper shall review some of the significant effects that are as a result of globalization. This paper set out to demonstrate that globalization may result in the fueling of cultural […]
• Politics of Globalization Globalization has been viewed as the last resort to the economic hardship that is generally facing the nations of the world. The EU, in the eyes of Abbott, is a bi threat to the England […]
• Financial Globalization in Modern Business Globalization has also increased the inclusiveness and the unification of economic systematization, global relations, and has led to a trend of doing business in different organizations.
• Impacts of Globalization on Strategies of International Businesses The various markets are vital as they assist in presenting to the firm the ways and features of the markets and as a result the firm can be in a position to change in the […]
• Globalization Sociopolitial and Economic Impacts Globalization has made the world to be uniform due to the synchronization of social, cultural, technological and commercial aspects of life which originate mainly from western countries and spread to the rest of the world.
• The Effects of Globalization on Management and Engineering Finally, many countries will, in the interim, need to enact laws and regulations that protect the labor skills of their workers.
• Globalization in Politics and on the World Peace Secondly, the continued loss of sovereignty by most states in the world, due to globalization, may lead to loss of stability of security in the countries.
• Concept of Globalization Globalization is the interconnection that has been experienced in the world through the improvement of communication, trade, and transportation. The effects of globalization in an organization are that organizations are exposed to the global demand, […]
• Globalization Effects on Food Industry, Trading, Education The major benefit enjoyed by the developing nations is the capability to import the raw materials from the industrially developed countries, to facilitate the production of goods required in the country.
• Youth Culture under Globalization The globalization of the way of living, the impact on customs of the greater than ever association of the globe and its inhabitants, is conceivably nowhere more able to be seen than in the shifting […]
• Concept and History of the Economic Globalization Globalization is the interconnection that has been experienced in the world through the improvement of communication, trade, and transportation. Economic globalization has led to the interdependence of economies in the whole world due to the […]
• The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be […]
• The Role of Globalization in Education and Knowledge The article is focused on the problem of the failure to distinguish between the notions globalization, globalism and cosmopolitanism that leads to the failure to consider the place of the current education in the modern […]
• Language as a Peculiarity of Human Geography within the Globalization Obviously, the process of globalization influences the current position of the languages, when the weak one can be lost due to the high level of English language’s integration.
• Globalization in Today’s Business Environment In addition to this, there is need to have a strong support infrastructure to ensure the site changes according to the needs of the clients and that it is kept safe from cyber crime.
• Globalization Features and Consequences It is essential that an individual establishes the origin of globalization in order to appreciate the term; however, the process is difficult due to several notions of when the process began.
• How Globalization Influence Health and Lifestyle As the processes of globalization are taking place they bring effects to the health and lifestyle around the world; this is because the processes have an impact on the health and lifestyle determinants.
• Effects of American Media on Legal and Social Barriers to Globalization American media have effectively countered social barriers to globalization in the Muslim world through its entertainment and movie industry leading to acceptance of globalization by the region.
• Problem(s) Globalization Presents to your Future Career The mobilization of the required resources and other factors are posing challenges to the future of the energy industry. The popular nationalization of the energy trade, as well as the formulation of the Organization of […]
• Globalization of the Local Globalization of the local is a concept developed by Thomas Friedman in his book “The World is Flat”. In conclusion, the cases of Dell’s supply chain and European Union are only two of many examples […]
• Influence of Globalization on Employment Opportunities As a result, the focus on high skilled workers, introduction of advanced technologies and products, and globalized vision of the development of economies identify future development of employment opportunities.
• Is Globalization Beneficial or Tyrannical? In addition, the capital invested in developing countries is a small proportion of the movement of capital in the world market.
• Globalization and Its Impact on the UAE The implementation of globalization in the modern society has led to the prospect that cultural differences in business and other sectors would be eroded.
• Relationship Between Modern Imperialism and Economic Globalization Modern imperialism also relates to economic globalization in that the European and Western powers emphasized on civilization, as they spread in most parts of the world; this ultimately led to economic globalization. Modern imperialism led […]
• Increasing of Globalization in the Contemporary Era Globalization is achieved through the development and advancement in the key sectors of the world economy, such as technology, culture and the political systems.
• Effects of Technology and Globalization on Gender Identity The second section focuses on the effects of globalization and technological improvements on homosexuality in the 20th century. In the third section, the effects of technological advances and globalization on homosexuality in the 21st century […]
• Disasters in the Bangladesh Garment Industry & the Role of Globalization The phenomenal growth of the garment industry in Bangladesh has been well documented over the last three decades, with experts and analysts saying that the industry now ranks among the largest garment exporters in the […]
• Challenges of Globalization Currently, the global auto market is experiencing a shift in the production and supply of automobiles. There are auto supply companies operating in the US and abroad that already have control of the market.
• The Impact of Human Right on Globalization On balance, it is necessary to note that there is a link between the development of human rights and globalization. Of course, now globalization contributes to the development of human rights movement.
• Indesit Co. Global Operations In the case of Turkey, initially the market growth played to the advantage of Indesit’s rapid progression, however, the growth and market presence of the local leading brand Arcelik was of no match to fast […]
• Not Everyone Experiences Globalization in the Same Way With the start of the world war one, modern globalization began to break and some economies believed that the financial forces that were as a result of globalization had led to the emergence of the […]
• Advertizing and Globalization Like globalization influences the principles of advertising, the advertising industry plays a tangible role in the development of economic and cultural change.
• Embracing the Entire Globe: Globalization Is not to Be Feared! Despite the fact that globalization is designed to reunite people, restoring their economical, political and personal links with one another, there are certain suspicions that the effect of globalization can possibly harm the ethnicity and […]
• Globalization of the English Language: One of the Most Widely Used Languages in the World English language is one of the most widely used languages in the whole world in spite of the fact that there are many languages.
• Globalization and IT Industry This is the main factor that has made IT industry to be referred to as the main force of economic growth globally.
• Critical Examination of the Impacts of Globalization on National Sovereignty To adequately address this issue the concept of sovereignty is defined, an illustration of how globalization impacts on sovereignty is brought to light and finally the major drivers of globalization as well as their effects […]
• Globalization and Outsourcing The buyer organizations are seeking to obtain lower rates of legal impositions from the host governments and conditions of doing business in such countries.
• Globalization Process and Its Effects The great nations of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the Great Britain convened a meeting in San Francisco in 1945 with the sole intention of forming an international body; the meeting led to […]
• Effects of Globalization on Native Non-western Cultural Practices In non-western cultures, the new products and ideas are seen as a welcome since they are promising to the future of the people.
• Concept of the Globalization’ Ideology The basic ideology of globalization is liberalization of trade and integration of free markets to enhance social, economic, and political stability across the world.
• The Reasons of Globalization Companies The intentions or motives of organizations in opting for globalization and investing in other countries are the same as in their domestic markets. The reason is that it does not, in any way, relate to […]
• Globalization and Security Environment: Visions of Prosperity and Peace The discovery of oil in the UAE made it a country of interest in regards to the global oil supply chain. Water The water situation in the UAE is one of the main concerns of […]
• Taming Globalization as Painted by Rodrik Rodrik starts to build his argument by examining the form of globalization that existed before the end of the 19th century. Rodrik also looks at the companies that have succeeded in the 20th century in […]
• Globalization and Its Discontents The paper will examine some of the discontents making globalization unacceptable today First, I will describe the issue of globalization as used today. The next thing is to apply the moral theory to establish the […]
• Globalization’ Economic and Political Dimensions It is the political decisions of nation-states to remove trade barriers in order to promote international trade and facilitate transportation and communication, which leads to globalization.
• Disasters in the Bangladesh Garment Industry and the Role of Globalization Additionally, the paper discusses the role of globalization in these disasters and the measures taken by retailers in this industry to curb the reoccurrence of such disasters in the future.
• Lifelong Learning is Necessarily Essential to Globalization A good example of this form of upgrading is learning computer related skills to integrate well with the current dynamic technological platforms.
• Globalization Theory in Political Economy Technology has impacted the global economy greatly: It has also led to domination of the world by corporations and the decline in the ability of states to regulate them and protect its citizens wherein the […]
• Youth Culture and Globalization The focus is also on the relations that exist between the youth and the society, as well as the factors that shape youths identity in terms of culture.
• The Role of Globalization and Free Trade in Latin America The focus here is what happened to the people who migrated to other countries and especially in the United States of America.
• Globalization Issues: A Summary of an Article on Local Management and Globalization The article posits that managers stumble upon the impacts of globalization every day, and it is up to them to identify strategies through which they can learn from the experiences of globalization and take advantage […]
• How Globalization has affected Managerial Decision-making With globalization, a problem should be looked from the global perspective; that is how it has affected the current business in the domestic country and how it is likely to affect the company in other […]
• Globalization and the International Hotel Industry The discussion in this paper brings out the understanding of the impact of globalization on the international hotel industry. It is also important for the international society to have the advantage of investing their capital […]
• Globalization: Not a Threat to Cultural Diversity It can therefore be authoritatively stated that globalization is not a threat to cultural diversity and may in fact result in diversification and/or more appreciation of local cultures.
• Development and Globalization in Africa With the advent of slave trade, the exportation of many Africans especially from West Africa led to the growth of African populations in America and the Caribbean.
• Production, Competition and Globalization Indeed, our firm has taken in to consideration this aspect in its bid to produce micro cameras that will revolutionize the way security is perceived in the world. This is bound to reduce the price […]
• Fashion and Gender: Globalization, Nation and Ethnicity Today, fashion is changing drastically to compose fashion trends, which is very relevant in the contemporary society as it’s reflected in the new colorful and stylish designs.
• Globalization Effects on the System of Governance in the World The Egyptian Revolution could have been caused mainly by historical injustices where people have been oppressed and never allowed to exercise their democratic rights like in most of the western world. This in turn brings […]
• Critical Review of Chapter 1 and 2 of the book Globalization: A Very Short Introduction, by Manfred B. Steger The uneven distribution of natural and human resources is the major source of forces of trade, some countries can produce a certain commodity that is required in another country and export the commodity: in return […]
• Modern Globalization in Africa In regard to the article by Davis, it is reported that most of the times; Africans have the illusion that the informal sector which requires little capital to start and mostly dominated by women in […]
• “Globalization: A Very Short Introduction” by Manfred B. Steger: Chapter Review The demand for goods in the world market have positive and negative gains, it has lead to more customer sovereignty since a customer has a large access to goods and services from different parts of […]
• Globalization and Survival of Smaller Companies Means of cutting down the cost of production should be put on ground by the government to enable the firms to offer a competitive price that is prevailing in the market.
• Youth Culture under the Globalization Time Most of the images viewed by the young people originate from the West, which evidences the dominance of the American pop culture among the youth in the world.
• P&G Japan Globalization Project To make sure that the project meets the intended standards to be at the helm of global competition; the management should be strategically positioned to make sure that the company adapts to the local businesses […]
• Globalization of the US Media Since the advent of information revolution in the 1950s, the media is one of those industries that has undergone through a radical change so as to meet the current global demands as a result of […]
• The Impact of Globalization on the International Hotel Industry International hotel industry can be discusses from the angle of domestic hotels that have the capacity of serving international customers or those multinational companies in the hotel industry which ever the approach, the effects of […]
• How Technology (e.g. IT, Satellite, etc.) has Affected Globalization, International Trade, and Financial Stability Technology therefore forms the basis of all these advancements as it has made the world a global village with people conducting business transactions through it without literary moving to other places.
• Globalization Opportunities and Challenges The focus of the world culture theories is on the constriction of the world and increases the knowledge that depicts the world as a whole.
• Indigenous Struggles from the Ages of Conquest to Globalization Truly Samori Toure was defeated by French Army, the fact that led to interaction between the French and Africa people of Mandinka Empire.
• Globalization in Australia Through globalization, Australia has realized a rapid growth of industrial competition hence increasing both the quality and the quantity of production, and the consumers are left to enjoy the lower prices for the goods they […]
• International Relations: Globalization and State Power In most cases, globalization means the extensive integration of multiple economies to the point where the significance of national or international networks declines allowing the emergence of national and global networks.
• Globalization and Internet Globalization, on the other hand, is likely to contribute to the collapse of the social welfare groups. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the government to make sure that the only information available to its […]
• Consequences of Globalization This has been through the removal of international trade barriers that used to limit the movement of people, information, goods and services through the rapid development of innovation and the resultant technological progress. He describes […]
• Globalization and Digitalization The tools that are necessary in the technological exodus from the traditional mode to higher fashions have posed a challenge in the labor force in relation to the level of expertise.
• Gendered Globalization and Social Change This is because the trees that attracted and trapped the moist clouds are no longer existent, thus the farmers have to manually water their crops.
• Globalization Effect on Mechanical Engineering in the U.S This paper will look at the reasons why the United States of America has been outsourcing mechanical engineering services and how this has changed the outlook of the Engineering degrees awarded in the state.
• How Globalization Has Affected Americans Moreover globalization leads to foreign investment which negatively affects the average wages of workers in America and American families at large.
• Globalization Demerits in the Modern World There is a widespread investment of capital across the world in search for clients and markets. Being able to reduce this gap is highly crucial in the creation of a peaceful and just international community.
• Contemporary Globalization and its Impact on the American Worker The breakdown of production processes into smaller parts and subsequent placement in the hands of supervisors has led to the organization and specialization of labor.
• Implications of Globalization for Korea Therefore, the issue of free trade has to be viewed in two dimensions, that is, form the United States view and South Korea’s view.
• The Core Features of Globalization and Their Impact on State Sovereignty The behavior of corporations, globalization process and the ideas of capacity of globalization to foster uncontrolled growth of capitalistic global community encompasses some of the major arguments the opponents of globalization deem as central to […]
• Problems of Globalization Process Many problems of the contemporary world, from poverty to environmental degradation, are casually linked to the process of globalization Globalisation refers to the increased awareness among nations of the world.
• Globalization and Racism Although racism is on the decline, the lifestyle of the minority groups in the United States of America is below standards.
• Effects of Globalization in the UAE In this section, the positive and negative impacts of globalization in the UAE are discussed with examples mainly from the City of Dubai.
• Effects of Globalization on Developed and Developing Countries The economic development in the Asian states in the early 21st century led to a decrease in the distorted allocation of profits between urbanized and emerging economies.
• Globalization and Workforce Diversity A community should recognize diversity, ensure the accessibility of resources and uphold equity in the treatment of its constituent individuals with complete disregard of race, ethnicity, abilities and even sexual alignments.
• Flattening of the World: Globalization and Outsourcing The rate of affordability of the IT hardware and software on the other hand pushed the need for its adoption of the process and hence the realization of the economic gains that had become elusive.
• Globalization: a Blessing in Disguise The World Bank in relations with the IMF is always generous to give loans to the developing countries which are alternatively taken by the vultures companies during high interest pay outs. The reason for this […]
• Globalization and Regional Business Thus, Apple is advised to produce goods that are environmentally free to enable it to compete effectively in the market. The company should also be in a position to abide by the laws and regulations […]
• Cultural Diversity in International Trade and International Business Management Through Globalization To promote diversity and equity in the workplace at all levels of management Managing diversity in a multicultural enterprise should start from the lowest level of an organization management and be reflected up to the […]
• Contemporary Globalization and the American Worker Thus, the first argument that attempts to explain contemporary globalization is the economic part of it that deals to a great extent with the economic globalization mainly under capitalist forms.
• Globalization’s and Culture Relationships In his discussion, he has shown that globalization is not confined in one particular area or sector of economy but rather says that it affect all areas that touch on the life of human beings.
• Globalization Impact on Modern World In turn, the American youth is becoming more inclined to emulating the leading proponents of the culture. Moreover, this has started manifesting in the adoption of a single pop culture in the entertainment industry.
• African Diaspora: Gender Hierarchies and Global Race It is a process since it is constantly in the creation, and as a condition, it is located within the universal sexual category and hierarchies.
• Globalization and Empowerment in the African Diaspora Black identity in the Liverpool area was the opposite of the English and British identity. This refers to the return of black seafarers and black women to Liverpool.
• Globalization, Struggle, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora The tertiary migration of the African Diaspora was characterized by the movement of the people of African descent to urban areas.
• The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous People One of the effects of globalization on indigenous peoples of Canada could be identified as signing of land surrender treaties. British government dispossessed most First Nations of their land and heritage during war invasions and […]
• Effects of Globalization in Health Care Administration In this regard, it fronts considerable challenges to the healthcare sector in the realms of administration and service provision. It is crucial to understand the provisions of globalization and how they affect the healthcare administration.
• Effects of Internet and World Wide Web on Globalization Before trying to understand the effects of the World Wide Web and the Internet on globalization, it is worth explaining the meaning of the term globalization in order to get the clear picture of the […]
• The Question of the Distributed Workforce under the Impact of Globalization Tendencies Many researchers argue that the modern work environment where footloose jobs and the phenomenon of the distributed workforce are prevailing is oriented to employees with the developed IT skills in order to respond to the […]
• Impact of Globalization on the American Worker On the same note, the need for people to increase market for their products has led to foreign adventures, which have advanced interrelations in the world.
• Globalization, Survival, and Empowerment in the African Diaspora The objective of the essay is to show how colonialism and racial capitalism shaped the African Diasporic culture while, at the same time, transforming the Western culture.
• Globalization Arguments and Impacts More importantly, the of globalization has also been looked at from the perspective of benefits and burdens that it has on the world community.
• The Effects of Globalization on the World In this regard, there has been increasing research on technology to expedite the flow of information from one part of the world to the other.
• Globalization in business Thanks to globalization, there has been improvements in employee training and education in the fast food industry, as a result of the stiff competition in the industry.
• Concept of Globalization and its Impact on the International Trading Order In the paper, it is argued that most of the concerns raised to improve the benefits of globalization, are not promising to all nations.
• Political Consequences of Globalization Through the process of globalization, the integrity of the national territorial state as a more or less coherent political economy is eroded, and the functions of the state become reorganized to adjust domestic economic and […]
• eBay’s Globalization Strategy The value chain has been the activities that it has been involved in to ensure that its business is successful. Currently the company has its core competency in its name recognition and the high website […]
• The impact of globalization In many occasions, globalization has improved the standard of living of individuals through improving the earning capacity of employees while at the same time improving the general economy of regions through increasing employment opportunities and […]
• International Economics in the context of globalization This new facts and changes have been a challenge in which the multinational companies’ administrations have had to cope with in order to survive the global market Multinational companies across the globe have significantly increased […]
• Globalization Effects: The Privatization of Institutions On the other hand, privatization of institutions refers to the change of ownership of organizations from the government to the private sector.
• Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor In his article “Globalization and the Economics of Child Labor”, Edmond Eric advances that globalization has resulted in a significant reduction in child labor throughout the world.
• Globalization: How can it improve the Quality of Education? From the definition of the concept, it has been mentioned that globalization can be described within the context of free flow and exchange of knowledge.
• Globalization and Race: The Black Other and African Diaspora Some writers have tried to explore the contents of the book and why the “black other” is central in explaining the experiences of the African diaspora.
• Globalization and the Study of International Security There is very little that cannot be linked with globalization when studying international politics Globalization is a broad term that has been used to refer to free movement of people, goods and services and capital […]
• Backlash against Globalization A considerable faction of the world population support the idea of globalization, while an even larger faction is against the idea based on the effects that globalization has hitherto had on the world.
• The Polarized World of Globalization Vandana2 Shiva in the article The Polarized World of Globalization, laments the effects globalization; she is of the opinion that globalization has negative social, political and economic effects.
• Globalization Negative Effects: Developed and Developing Countries The aim of this article is to assess the assertion that the negative effects of globalization impact developing countries more than developed countries.
• Globalization as a Powerful Aspect of the New World System Another useful and successful strategy that has been utilized in the era of globalization to gain a competitive advantage is that of franchising.
• Globalization The fact that more western countries established more and more companies in the developing countries was expected to believed will help accelerate their profits by taking advantage of the available as a result of the […]
• P&G Company and Globalization Issues These issues are mainly concerned with the leadership of the company, the culture and the rationality of the decisions made by the company’s management.
• The Intellectual Capital in Globalization Practices Companies in the online learning industry are utilizing a global brand of management information systems to cater for the needs of the students in the online learning communities.
• Recommended Globalization Strategies for Moonglow Acres The use of effective networks is a strategy that will allow Moonglow to specialize in what it is good at while letting other companies in its network to provide services they are excellent at.
• Globalization and Identity As it was implied in the Introduction, one of the reasons why anti-Globalists adopted a strongly defined negative stance against Globalization, as the process which they believe accounts for the gradual destruction of people’s sense […]
• Threats to Globalization For instance, people can be reluctant to use the benefits of globalization, and try to limit access to their states. People can try to limit cooperation between countries which will inevitably threaten the process of […]
• Is Globalization a Threat to US Supremacy and Power in the World? US supremacy will not cease to exist but it will be similar to the supremacy of the USA of the middle of the twentieth century when two super powers resided.
• Costs and Benefits of Free Trade and Globalization One of the benefits of free trade and globalization to participating countries is that it helps producers have access to international market. It is hard to discern the numerous benefits associated with free trade and […]
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• How the Globalization Can Be Achieved Nowadays?
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• Free Markets, Perfect Competition and Globalization
• Theodore Levitt: The Globalization of Markets
• How Is Globalization Impacting Citizenship?
• History of Globalization: Past and Present
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• Effects of Globalization in the Contemporary Japanese Art
• Globalization and Organizational Behavior in Company
• The Coca-Cola Management in the Technological Advances and Globalization
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• Globalization and Imperialism in the Third World
• The Process of Globalization: Impact on Business
• Jihad vs Mcworld Article: How Globalization Hinders Democracy
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• The Internet, Globalization and Network Society
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• Cultural Diversity in the Media and Globalization
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• School of Business IT and Logistics, Globalization and Business IT
• Framing the Cultural Industries and Globalization
• Educational Change in Globalization Times by Yong Zhao
• Stress at Work: Main Aspects, Globalization Influence
• Globalisation in the Construction Industry
• Can We Lose Our Identity Because of Globalization?
• Globalization and the Workings of the International Environment
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• “Globalization and American Power” by Kenneth Waltz
• “Globalization: Debunking the Myths” by Hebron & Stack
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• The Influence of Modern Technologies and Globalization
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• How Are Related Corruption, Globalization, and Development?
• What Are the Economic Benefits of Globalization?
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• What Are the Main Reasons for Increased Globalization?
• What Extent Does Asian Economic Crisis Occurrence Relate to Globalization? What Were the Causes and Consequences?
• What Impact Does Globalization Have On E-commerce?
• What Are Economic Challenges and Opportunities of Globalization?
• Migration and Globalization: What’s in It for Developing Countries?
• What Is the Future of the Nation-State as Globalization Increases?
• What Was the Role of Globalization in the Global Financial System?
• What Are Sources of Resistance to Globalization?
• How Globalization Creates Systemic Risks, and What to Do About It?
• Does Cultural Globalization Have Mean Cultural Homogenization?
• Globalization What Difficulties Are There in Defining Globalisation?
• What Does Globalization Mean for Indigenous Peoples?
• What Effect Has Globalization Had on Language?
• What Are the Main Challenges of Globalization?
• What Is Budgetary Globalization?
• What Determines Governance Across Nations: Do Economic and Social Globalization Play a Role?
• How Does Globalization Affect Cultural Traditions?
• Labour and the Challenges of Globalization: What Prospects for Transnational Solidarity?
• What Interactions Between Financial Globalization and Instability?
• Globalization, Poverty, and Inequality: What Is the Relationship? How Can Globalization Reduce Poverty?
• How Does Globalization Drives Corporate Tax Rates Down?
• Coping With Globalization: What Are the Driving Forces of Openness and Spatial Dynamics of Innovation?
• What Are the Effects of Globalization?
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The State of Globalization in 2021

• Steven A. Altman
• Caroline R. Bastian

Trade, capital, and information flows have stabilized, recovered, and even grown in the past year.

As the coronavirus swept the world, closing borders and halting international trade and capital flows, there were questions about the pandemic’s lasting impact on globalization. But a close look at the recent data paints a much more optimistic picture. While international travel remains significantly down and is not expected to rebound until 2023, cross-border trade, capital, and information flows have largely stabilized, recovered, or even grown over the last year. The bottom line for business is that Covid-19 has not knocked globalization down to anywhere close to what would be required for strategists to narrow their focus to their home countries or regions.

Cross-border flows plummeted in 2020 as the Covid-19 pandemic swept the world, reinforcing doubts about the future of globalization. As we move into 2021, the latest data paint a clearer — and more hopeful — picture. Global business is not going away, but the landscape is shifting, with important implications for strategy and management.

• Steven A. Altman is a senior research scholar, adjunct assistant professor, and director of the DHL Initiative on Globalization at the NYU Stern Center for the Future of Management .
• CB Caroline R. Bastian is a research scholar at the DHL Initiative on Globalization.

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Research Title about Globalization | Research Title Samples

Here are some of the most recent globalization research titles;.

• " Globalization and Income Inequality: Evidence from Developing Countries ": Focuses on the impact of globalization on income inequality in developing countries. The study examines how trade and investment liberalization affect the distribution of income and the mechanisms through which these effects occur.
• " Globalization and Migration: Evidence from European Countries ": It investigates the relationship between globalization and migration in Europe. It explores how economic, political, and social globalization affects migration patterns and outcomes, and the implications of these dynamics for sending and receiving countries.
• " Globalization and Environmental Degradation: A Cross-Country Analysis ": Explores the impact of globalization on environmental degradation in a cross-country setting. The research studies how globalization affects environmental outcomes and the mechanisms through which these effects occur. It also investigates the role of institutions and governance in mediating the relationship between globalization and the environment.
• " Globalization and the Future of Work: A Survey of Manufacturing Firms in Asia ": Focuses on the impact of globalization on the future of work in the manufacturing sector in Asia. The study investigates how technological advancements, trade, and investment liberalization, and changing consumer preferences affect employment patterns and the types of jobs available in the sector.
• " Globalization and Health: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa ":  This title examines the relationship between globalization and health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. Among the most recent titles on the research about globalization that seek to scrutinize how trade, investment, and migration affect health outcomes, and the mechanisms through which these effects occur. It also explores the role of social and political institutions in shaping the relationship between globalization and health.
• " Globalization and National Identity: A Study of Perceptions in the Middle East ": It explores the impact of globalization on national identity in the Middle East. The globalization research title examines how it affects individuals' perceptions of their national identity and the factors that shape these perceptions. It also investigates the role of religion, language, and culture in mediating the relationship between globalization and national identity.
• " Globalization and Financial Integration: A Comparative Analysis of Latin American Countries" : This title investigates the relationship between globalization and financial integration in Latin American countries. The study analyzes the manner in which trade, investment, and financial liberalization affect financial integration, and the implications of these dynamics for economic growth and stability.

For students, the challenge is to narrow down these broad categories to formulate pointed, relevant, and researchable titles. This can involve interlinking multiple facets of globalization or focusing on contemporary events that epitomize certain challenges or benefits of a more interconnected world. In crafting their titles, students should consider their areas of interest, available resources, and the potential contribution of their study to the academic community and beyond. With the right title and focus, research on globalization can not only provide academic fulfillment but can also equip students with insights beneficial for a globalized workforce and society.

Interesting Samples of Globalization Research Project Titles  

A list of great project titles on globalization;, different subject areas.

• B.Ed . |  B.A . 
• B.Com  |  BSc  
• BSN  |  DBa  
• DNP  |  Doctoral
• Ed.D  |  M.Ed  |  RN  
• Masters  |  MBA  
• MBus  |  MCom
• MEntr  |  Msc  
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Some of the essential variables that researchers can use include:

• Economic variables: The global economy is an essential aspect of globalization, and studying economic variables is a crucial part of understanding globalization. Researchers can use economic variables such as trade flows, foreign direct investment, income inequality, and labor mobility to study the economic impact of globalization.
• Cultural variables: Cultural variables are an essential component of globalization. Students can utilize variables such as language, religion, art, music, and cuisine to study the cultural impact of globalization. For instance, studying the spread of American culture through Hollywood movies and popular music could be a variable to investigate.
• Political variables : Political variables are also critical in understanding globalization. Researchers can analyze variables such as international institutions, trade agreements, political stability, and governance to study the political impact of globalization.
• Social variables: Social variables such as education, health, and social welfare can also be used to study globalization. For instance, studying the impact of globalization on health outcomes in different parts of the world could be a research variable.
• Technological variables: Technological variables are also essential in understanding globalization. Researchers can exploit variables such as the internet, social media, and other communication technologies to study the impact of globalization on communication and information sharing.

Once researchers have identified the research variables they will use to study research topics related to globalization, they must also consider how they will measure or observe these variables. There are several ways that researchers can measure or observe variables , including:

• Surveys: Surveys are a popular method for measuring variables in social science research. Surveys can be used to collect data on variables such as attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
• Interviews: Interviews are another method for measuring variables in social science research. Interviews help to collect in-depth data on variables such as experiences, opinions, and perceptions.
• Observations: Observations involve watching and recording behavior in a natural or controlled setting. Observations is one of the crucial ways to study variables such as social behavior and cultural practices.
• Experiments: Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables to determine their effect on other variables. Researchers can conduct experiments to study variables such as economic behavior and decision-making.
• Secondary data analysis: Secondary data analysis involves analyzing existing data that was collected for another purpose. The students or scholars can employ secondary data analysis to study variables such as economic indicators, demographic trends, and health outcomes.

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Globalization Research Paper

This sample globalization research paper features: 6400 words (approx. 20 pages), an outline, and a bibliography with 45 sources. Browse other research paper examples for more inspiration. If you need a thorough research paper written according to all the academic standards, you can always turn to our experienced writers for help. This is how your paper can get an A! Feel free to contact our writing service for professional assistance. We offer high-quality assignments for reasonable rates.

Introduction

Earlier attempts to grasp globalization, contemporary approaches to globalization, the global political economy, the global cultural economy, questioning “globalization”, globalization and development, governance, sovereignty, and citizenship.

• Bibliography

More Globalization Research Papers:

• Anthropological Aspects of Globalization Research Paper
• Social and Economic Aspects of Globalization Research Paper
• Crimes of Globalization Research Paper
• Conceptions of Globalization Research Paper
• Globalization and Inequality Research Paper

Globalization is an inconsistent concept, and definitions of it abound. However, most anthropologists agree that, experientially, globalization refers to a reorganization of time and space in which many movements of peoples, things, and ideas throughout much of the world have become increasingly faster and effortless. Spatially and temporally, cities and towns, individuals and groups, institutions and governments have become linked in ways that are fundamentally new in many regards, especially in terms of the potential speed of interactions among them. Examples of these interactions are myriad: The click of a mouse button on a Wall Street computer can have immediate financial effects thousands of miles away on another continent, and events like the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 or footage of the 2005 tsunami in southern Asia can be televised internationally, whereby millions of viewers interpret the same images concurrently.

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Beyond these shared perspectives on and approaches to globalization, anthropologists disagree with one another in important regards. The first concerns the “what”: Does globalization name a more-or-less singular and radical transformation that encompasses the globe, in which technoeconomic advancements have fundamentally reorganized time-space, bringing people, places, things, and ideas from all corners of the world into closer contact with one another? Or, is globalization a misnomer, even a fad, a term too general to describe a vast array of situated processes and projects that are inconsistent and never entirely “global”?

A second discussion concerns the “when”: Is globalization new—do we currently live in the “global era”? Or, has the world long been shaped by human interaction spanning great distances?

These debates are not limited to two opposing sides. Some scholars feel that these very questions blunt meaningful analysis of the contemporary world and all of its nuances. By focusing largely on absolutes—that is, what is entirely singular versus wholly chaotic, what is radically new versus something predicated largely on the past— important questions are passed over. For example, what are the specific mechanisms of human interconnection and the particular histories in which they are embedded?

Anthropologists do agree, however, on how to best go about investigating globalization: through long-term, intensive fieldwork, either in a single locality or in several linked analytically together. This fieldwork is ethnographic; that is, it seeks an intimate understanding of the social and cultural dynamics of specific communities, as well as the broader social and political systems they negotiate. In a world of intensifying social relations, ethnography requires engagement in both empirical research and critical theory.

Anthropological attention to ethnographic detail is an important rejoinder to a vast globalization literature centered on macro phenomena, such as the relations between large-scale political and economic bodies like nationstates, political unions, trade organizations, and transnational corporations. Undoubtedly, these “translocal” entities are of great anthropological interest as well. Yet the discipline has taken as its goal the understanding of how specific subjects respond to and act within these large-scale processes, institutions, and discourses through culturally specific lenses. Thus, anthropology’s contribution to this literature lies in its assertion that social change, viewed in both distance-defying connections and inequitable disconnections within the world, can be compellingly grasped in the daily practices of individuals and the groups, institutions, and belief systems they inhabit.

It bears emphasis that a researcher cannot simply board a plane to “the global.” The empirical aspects of human social interaction—while facilitated by the “placelessness” of systems and structures like international finance networks, religious chat rooms, or television broadcasts—are produced, interpreted, and negotiated by people in particular places. It is for this reason that the ethnographic method has continued to define anthropological research, even as it pertains to globalization. The ethnographic emphasis has long been to follow the question, the person, the commodity, or the idea—all things that are continually mobilized or constrained by human activity. As will be argued in further detail below, anthropologists have tended to warn against the erasure of human agency in depictions of such interaction, and the discipline’s commitment to research continues to inform this warning. Some anthropologists have gone so far as to argue that empirically thin accounts of globalization, especially those that embrace it as a natural and ultimately unavoidable force in the world, actually obscure the means by which unequal relations of power are forged. The argument is significant, as anthropologists generally agree that the ability to define globalization and steer discussions pertaining to it greatly informs the decisions of wealthy and influential policymakers.

While often understated in current anthropological scholarship on globalization, early anthropological attempts to grasp translocal phenomena greatly influenced the discipline’s development. Indeed, anthropology has a history of engagement with translocal phenomena and has long argued that exchange across sometimes vast distances has been and is common to human social interaction. Arguably the first incarnation of such a notion is seen in the works of late 19th- and early 20th-century diffusionists, who held that cultural change was a product of initially distinct cultural traits being appropriated and dispersed among individuals and groups over great geographic distances. Franz Boas, often called the father of American anthropology, saw diffusionism as a corrective to unilineal evolutionary conceptions of culture change, which articulated the development of cultural traits as a product of independent and isolated trial and error rather than as a product of permeable social worlds facilitating cultural exchange. Boas argued as follows:

It would be an error to assume that a cultural trait had its original home in the area in which it is now most strongly developed. Christianity did not originate in Europe or America. The manufacture of iron did not originate in America or northern Europe. It was the same in early times. (Boas, 1932, p. 609)

A fellow critic of cultural evolution perspectives during Boas’s time, Bronislaw Malinowski spent over two years in the Trobriand Islands examining the kula ring, a regional system of exchange that Malinowski (1922) claimed functioned to maintain social solidarity and enhance status among males bestowing necklaces and armbands upon one another. Malinowski is most widely renowned as an early practitioner of participant observation, but Malinowski’s study also required him to practice multi-sited research, which is now seen as a sometimes necessary mode of fieldwork to “follow” translocal phenomena.

Two other anthropologists informed by functionalism and influenced by Malinowski’s study of nonmonetary exchange were Mauss and Ortiz, both of whom produced works that challenged readers to think beyond the local. Mauss’s The Gift (first published in 1923) explored the historical beginnings of translocal systems of exchange that often brought about social cohesion through gift giving and reciprocity. Mauss cited examples of this exchange among groups in the South Pacific region, as well as in North America. Originally published in 1940, Ortiz’s Cuban Counterpoint developed the concept of “transculturation” to describe the different phases of cultural hybridization between ethnically diverse groups (many of whom were arriving from foreign lands) in Cuba under colonialism. Ortiz further argued that the production and export of Cuban commodities like sugar and tobacco came to be deeply entangled with European and U.S. interests.

While the above works demonstrate early insights into the relationships between relatively small populations and an outside world, it is common to read of early 20th-century anthropology’s insular emphasis on closed, internally coherent cultural systems. Leach’s Political Systems of Highland Burma, first published in 1954, was a powerful response to the “bounded” conceptions of cultural change, as he took a regional scale as his point of entry into the indeterminate dynamics of identity formation in Burma. Leach also emphasized the power and creativity of individual actors to shape culture beyond local contexts.

The 1960s and the two decades that followed were formative in the history of anthropology’s engagement with large-scale processes. The political turmoil of the “libratory,” anticolonial wars, and rising nationalism in the global South during the 1960s are commonly cited as the greatest impetuses of this engagement. In addition, a principled dissatisfaction with the trajectory of anthropology and social science disciplines in general informed the reanimation of the Marxist approach known as political economy. Much of this dissatisfaction stemmed from a lack of engagement with political economy’s most central concerns: the nature of material production, class, and power.

Broadly conceived, the political economic approach within anthropology was utilized to understand the relations between large-scale processes of economic and political change and specific (usually subaltern) communities. The anthropological approach was heavily influenced by the “world-systems” theory of sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein and “underdevelopment” perspective of economist Andre Gunder Frank. Both of these thinkers emphasized the imposing gravity of the European- and American-dominated world economy. Concisely, this world economy provided a framework by which Western, or “core,” economies could systematically exploit the non-Western, or “peripheral” nations of the world through the appropriation of their economic surpluses and labor. This perspective laid out a significant critique of economic modernization theory, for both Wallerstein and Frank stressed the causal relationship between worldwide capitalist expansion and subaltern subjugation, or development and underdevelopment.

A common perception among anthropologists sympathetic to political economy was that the “periphery” category was too generalized and unnuanced. Anthropologists believed that their disciplinary proclivities could bring the diverse reactions of “micropopulations” to capitalist penetration into clearer focus and thus provide a more detailed, if not more realistic, explanation of unequal relations of power. Eric Wolf and Sydney Mintz were exemplary in their efforts to conjoin the broad focus of world systems theory with anthropology’s long-established object of study, the social dynamics of the subaltern.

Wolf demonstrated his materialist approach in his influential and ironically titled Europe and the People Without History (1982). The book sought ambitiously to trace the history of capitalism’s expansion and eventual penetration into precapitalist societies, and thus account for the means by which particular non-Western localities were transformed into production sites of primary goods— gold and diamonds in South Africa, coffee in Mexico, and rubber in the Amazon, to name only a few of Wolf’s examples—for Western consumption and profiteering. Wolf’s analytic brush was decidedly broad, as he sought to outline patterns of this expansion and penetration on a massive geographic scale.

Mintz’s Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History (1985), while geographically narrower in its focus, was nevertheless an ambitious anthropological investigation of the politics of production and consumption between a metropole and colony during the 17th through 19th centuries. Mintz argued that slave labor in the Caribbean was a means for sugar to become a highly valued and common commodity in England. His work is important because it demonstrated that the Caribbean producers of sugar were crucial actors in the shaping of the lifeworlds of metropolitan centers of global capitalism.

Much the same as intellectual forebears like Boas, Malinowski, and Mintz, anthropologists today are apt to favor specificity and variation over generalization and central tendency. Anthropology has, subsequently, tended to shy away from grand theories that can essentialize peoples and characterize histories as predetermined. Indeed, a continued interest of anthropologists is to investigate how individuals and groups negotiate their social worlds in creative and unexpected ways. However, this has not prevented anthropologists from using macro theories as frameworks for inquiry nor from intimating how ethnographic detail is indicative of broader social configurations. The main point is that empirically supported arguments are paramount. This is where long-term, immersed fieldwork has been and remains a central element of anthropological contributions to the scholarship on globalization.

Yet the disciplinary interest in globalization has sparked debate about the future of fieldwork methodology. Indeed, while the ethos of anthropology continues to privilege singlesited fieldwork (as this has long been considered the best means to become versed in the social processes of a given community), many argue that a world of intensifying human relations has left traditional fieldwork approaches outmoded. In an effort to address this challenge, George Marcus (1995) outlined two strategies. The first argues for the use of archival data, as well as macro theory, to situate specific communities or individuals in larger socioeconomic processes. Ann Stoler’s Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule (2002), as well as Fernando Coronil’s The Magical State: Nature, Money, and Modernity in Venezuela (1997) are prominent examples of this approach.

The second method involves moving out from single sites to conduct “multisited” ethnography in order to examine movements of ideas, peoples, and things. Carolyn Nordstrom’s Shadows of War: Violence, Power, and International Profiteering in the Twenty-First Century (2004) takes this as its task, using ethnographic methods to track the mobility of goods and money throughout largescale extralegal exchange systems fueling conflict, marginalization, and profiteering.

While definitions of globalization abound, the greatest differences in such definitions are typically a matter of emphasis. Modern-day political economic anthropologists, for example, clearly emphasize political and economic processes that structure and are structured by landscapes of human interaction. Like Wolf and Mintz, these anthropologists view the political economic approach as a necessary corrective to scholarship that historically turned interconnected people and places into distinctive and disconnected phenomena. A great number of medical anthropologists, for example, call for anthropologists to cast light on the historical and contemporary connections and disconnections within the capitalist world system that bring about human affliction. Both Paul Farmer and Nancy Scheper-Hughes are archetypes of this contemporary political economy of health approach. Paul Farmer’s “An Anthropology of Structural Violence” (2004) outlines the historically deep and geographically broad exploitive relations between Haiti and the United States that have predestined the deaths of Haiti’s impoverished to AIDS and tuberculosis. Nancy Scheper-Hughes’s “The Global Traffic in Human Organs” (2000) argues that economic globalization has facilitated the creation of an extensive market for the illicit harvest and trade of human body parts. Within this market, impoverished populations are targeted by brokers who, with the help of surgeons, turn high profits by selling these human organs and tissues to wealthier consumers in the global North.

Phenomena like these, political economists assert, are associated with the advent of late-modern capitalism— now commonly called “neoliberal globalization.” Neoliberal globalization refers to the predominate theory of free market capitalism, which these analysts argue continues to be the primary engine of globalization. The term neoliberalism itself underscores an important element of the political economic argument—that globalization is a human-made and ideologically driven set of processes.

The focus on neoliberalism is also one manner in which scholars have come to conceptualize how the contemporary moment is fundamentally different from the past. The most clearly articulated and influential starting point for many scholars of this school of thought is David Harvey, a Marxist geographer who in his significant work The Condition of Postmodernity (1989) argued that economic restructuring and associated social and political changes in Western economies in the early 1970s sparked a fundamental reorganization of global commerce that sped up the turnover times of capital. These changes were characterized, according to Harvey, by an increasing sense of spatial attenuation and temporal acceleration in human economic and social relations. Harvey refered to this sensation as time-space compression , which was brought on by the collapse of significant geographic and temporal barriers to commerce. This collapse was a byproduct of an economic experiment promoted during a crisis of capital accumulation and subsequent recession that existing Keynesian fiscal and monetary policies could do little to stop. The experiment involved the transition from the Fordist model of standardized commodity production and its related system of political and social regulation (the dominant mode of capitalism since the end of World War II) to the post-Fordist model of flexible accumulation. The increased velocity and reach of market transactions this new regime of accumulation prompted were realized through substantial innovations in transport and information technologies. Harvey’s 2005 book, A Brief History of Neoliberalism, traces the neoliberal influence behind this shift, arguing that the transition was a political project intended to reinvigorate elite class power and capital accumulation mechanisms.

Perhaps the most recent and representative anthropological effort to further develop this perspective is Jean and John Comaroff’s “Millenial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming” (2000). The Comaroffs argue that neoliberal globalization at the turn of the millennium is a process that alienates capital from labor and marshals consumption as the primary shaper of social and economic phenomena like popular civil society discourses, occult economies and religious movements, and global youth cultures.

Much of the anthropological literature on neoliberalism thus far has focused less on the logic and mechanisms of its production and administration (though this is increasingly a field of study, as some anthropologists turn their eyes to understanding the inner workings of institutions like the WTO, IMF, and World Bank), and more on the impact of, and resistances to, neoliberal globalization. June Nash’s Mayan Visions: The Quest for Autonomy in an Age of Globalization (2001) is a representative ethnography of this focus, as is Jeffrey Juris’s Networking Futures: The Movements Against Corporate Globalization (2008).

A second approach to globalization, coming to prominence in the early 1990s, places greater emphasis on anthropology’s most common focus of attention: culture. (See Kearney, 1995, for an excellent summary of perspectives during the early 1990s.) Many proponents of this cultural approach, while acknowledging the world’s deep history of social interaction, tend to stress the fundamental newness of the present, going so far as to describe a new global era. One of these proponents, Arjun Appadurai, writes a radical reply to center-periphery models of political economy and proposes that any framework emphasizing order in the present globalizing world is deluded. Appadurai’s Modernity at Large (1996) understands the new global era as having been brought about by a complex and rapidly changing global cultural economy of exchange. The birth of this new era was facilitated by phenomena like media and migration, and both of these have served to reorganize nationstates and mobility on a global scale. Appadurai proposes that this chaotic world be grasped through five dimensions he calls scapes, or the landscapes across which cultural flows travel: ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, financescapes, and ideoscapes. These scapes overlap to constitute the particular lifeworlds of individuals across the world—each lifeworld being wholly individualized. In short, Appadurai posits a disorganized, centerless world in which no single view yields any grasp of larger processes—the ubiquitous flows of ideas, technologies, objects, and images constituting the global cultural economy are nonisomorphic and indeterminate.

A perspective similar to Appadurai’s, and borrowing from Ernesto Laclau, is that of Inda and Rosaldo (2008), who describe the contemporary world as “dislocated.” The use of this term is intended to emphasize that a plurality of centers serve as the hubs of cultural traffic across the globe. This perspective, as well as Appadurai’s, draws on ethnographic examinations of movements of commodities, people, and images and how these movements are perceived, translated, or appropriated by specific groups with whom they come into contact. At first glance, such movements suggest a significant imbalance in international exchange between the global North and South. Indeed, many Western, and indeed American, products like CocaCola, McDonald’s, and films are promptly visible in a variety of contexts far from Europe and North America. It is from these and other observations that analysts have often come to consider cultural imperialism as a force of homogenization that levels cultural difference throughout the world (see Tomlinson, 1991).

Yet cultural homogenization assumes that the essential meaning of a commodity or idea is consistent and universally legible—meaning that, for example, a Sri Lankan teenager will interpret an Indiana Jones film the same way a German teenager might. Subsequently, it could be inferred that the circulation of Western commodities or ideas will have predictable local effects. Anthropologists argue that there is little inevitability in such exchanges. Rather, a consumer applies her or his own cultural perspectives to the interpretation of objects and ideas, culturally tailoring them in the process. Laura Bohannan (1966) discovered as much in the 1960s when she observed a West African production, and subsequent interpretation, of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Liebes and Katz’s The Export of Meaning: Cross-Cultural Readings of Dallas (1990) is a modern retelling of Bohannan’s experience, demonstrating how the popular American television program Dallas was quite variously received among Moroccan Jews, Russian Jews, and Arabs.

The cultural tailoring described above has, in many instances, become a rather common element of cultural interaction across the world, especially in light of myriad technological advances and their ability to radically compress time and space (see Harvey, 1989). Due to this, many researchers have come to see culture as less stabilized and more diffuse, going so far as to claim that globalization has “deterritorialized” culture.

As argued earlier, many anthropologists have historically mapped culture onto territorially demarcated places, understanding distinctiveness as a product of social structures within supposedly locally bounded spheres. Said differently, place was the container of culture. (For example, the nation-state of China contained “Chinese culture.”) Gupta and Ferguson rebuke these analyses and call for anthropologists to examine how such conceptions produce difference and reinforce unequal relations of power. They further argue that cultural forms cannot be conceptualized as being fastened to specific geographic locations. Rather, the contemporary world is characterized by the freeing of culture from specific localities, and the notion of deterritorialization captures this process.

Deterritorialization also stresses the tension central to the commonly articulated local/global dichotomy. Indeed, as individuals and groups engage with and are shaped by processes that connect their local worlds with others, cultural forms can come to have an impact regardless of whether they originate in the global North or South. Thus, the significance of non-Western cultural forms circulating in contexts outside of their origins should not be underestimated. Examples of this are everywhere visible, from the ethnic cuisine consumed in the global North, to popularly imported and exported religious beliefs like Buddhism, to non-Western modes of dress like headscarves that have engendered much debate in some European countries. This is due to the fact that while cultural forms become unfastened from one locality, they simultaneously fasten themselves to new contexts and can become highly relevant. Anthropologists cite examples like these to suggest that cultural and even political-economic exchange between the North and South can be mutually significant, or “relational” in its character. Hannerz (1996), borrowing from linguistics, referred to this relationality as the “creolization” of the core and periphery.

Further examples of this exchange are human migration and trafficking, which have left many culturally uprooted peoples “reterritorialized” in foreign lands where they navigate new ways of living with aspects of their cultural identity they have carried with them. Analysts often refer to such individuals and groups as transnational, as they move across and between national boundaries. At times, the connections between these “old” and “new” communities are so strong that anthropologists have argued they should be understood as single communities scattered in multiple localities.

Ultimately, the arguments and examples outlined above suggest that the world be viewed as a complex global society composed of interweaving cultural, political, and economic processes and forms. This is not to suggest that globalization engenders a homogenous global population, but rather to recognize the untethered nature and intensified potential of interactions between populations. Anthropologists argue that only continued heterogeneity within this global society can be assumed.

Of course, the discipline has been careful not to assume that movements are experienced by all peoples, things, and ideas or that all experience movements in the same way.

Indeed, many have argued that such processes have left areas and peoples excluded and marginalized. David Graeber (2002) made the point that processes of economic globalization like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have in fact tightened many national borders, and he cited numbers suggesting that since NAFTA’s inception in 1992, the number of guards along the border between the United States and Mexico has more than tripled. Moreover, anthropologists like Escobar (2001) have argued that too great a focus on the deterritorialization of culture can obscure processes of place making, as well as the fact that people continue to imagine and build cultural forms that are situated in specific localities.

As intimated earlier, the anthropological commitment to fieldwork has led many researchers to avoid nonempirical assumptions as to what globalization might be or what effects it might engender. Subsequently, the concept of globalization has been disputed by some anthropologists frustrated with its imprecise and assumptive nature. This view is summarized by Cooper (2005), who separates “global” from its affix “ization” to call attention to the term’s problematic insinuations.

The first of these pertains to the scale of globalization— namely, that it is singular and worldwide, that it is something that encompasses the earth. Cooper argues that empirical truths about the world do not reflect the notion of global interconnection. Indeed, vast stretches of the planet, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa, remain largely disconnected from the wider world. As Ferguson (2006) has noted, movements of commodities, images, and ideas tend to hop over these geographic expanses, rather than smoothly envelop them. Equally problematic, according to Cooper, is the fact that a process that is global is everywhere and immeasurable, and therefore of little analytic value.

Second, the affix suggests the “when” of globalization— that it is currently happening, that this is the “global era.” Cooper contends that one must be cautious in asserting that such mobilizations and exchanges are historically novel—or an original product of a contemporary global framework. Such an assertion ignores the fact that massive labor migrations (forced or otherwise) in the past engendered the diverse cultures with which we currently identify. In fact, Cooper has argued that movements of laborers in the 19th century were in fact more substantial than those of the present day. It is therefore more accurately stated that human mobility and interaction have been processes long defining cultures across the globe, though contemporary movements of people continue to create novel cultural dynamics and milieus. Similarly, Tsing (2000) has asserted that theories contending the absolute newness of a global era tend to obscure historical happenings that offer insight into both the past and present.

These analysts call attention to the fact that, due to its magnitude, globalization is a concept that must be imagined rather than directly experienced. Yet this is not to suggest that a singular system is out there—that it is simply a matter of lacking the proper tools to see it in its entirety. A metaphor commonly invoked to describe globalization imagines several blind men examining the extremities of an elephant. One man touches the trunk, another a tusk. Several stroke the elephant’s legs. Each man will argue that he knows what the elephant is, or how the elephant in its entirety appears. Yet due to the size of the elephant and the sensory limitations of the men, none has the ability to know it fully. The problem with this metaphor is that it assumes a singular entity—the elephant—or a coherent framework that one claims to know is there but cannot fully experience. The consensus among critical anthropologists like Cooper and Tsing disputes this, arguing that globalization is an analytic construct, not a coherent world-making system. Moreover, they argue that collecting the variety of exchanges shaping relationships in the world under a single moniker makes for an inadequate analytic category, for it fails to capture the specific mechanisms of interconnection and the histories in which they are embedded. This is a view that rejects a singular world-making system in favor of a pluralization and inconsistency of agendas, projects, and processes. These international projects may be grand in scale, but they are not uniformly consistent or all encompassing. They vary according to the terms of their creation as well as their sites of origin.

These anthropologists call for examining globalization from a critical distance, paying attention to the arguments and mechanisms by which theories of globalization are mobilized. One example of this would be to challenge the exclusively celebratory espousals of globalization—what is often referred to as the “globalist” perspective—that, through popular media information, attempt to influence ideas of wealth and mobility. The power in this information lies in its ability to reproduce a specific logic that many globalist pundits advance—that of globalization’s huge potentiality. This can be misleading, however, as the life of a farmer or laborer in the global South may be so socially and economically constrained as to prevent her from traveling to the closest major city, much less jet-set about the world.

Moreover, the critical distance approach is especially important in light of the fact that influential discourses defining globalization inform the decisions of the world’s powerbrokers, especially transnational governing bodies like the World Bank, IMF, and WTO, as well as powerful nations whose leaders read popular political pundits. It is important to emphasize here that talk about difference can move quickly about the world, mobilizing individuals and institutions to act upon it for the purposes of security, economic profit, stability, and other aspirations. In this sense, talk about globalization, when wielded by actors embedded in complex relations of power, can have very real effects in people’s everyday lives.

By way of example, a number of recent dialogues in North American academic and public circles have focused less on the homogenization of culture (or cultural imperialism) and more on cultural difference, while maintaining that a more or less singular global framework brings about foreseeable effects. This talk articulates a gray zone between globalization’s positive and negative consequences, sketching a context in which cultural heterogeneity and increasing global mobility create both opportunity and threat. These claims to know a singular global system can have powerful effects. On the one hand, recent national best sellers by popular political pundits hail globalization as a force that flattens the world, creating an even playing field for those “willing” to participate. They inform international policy at the World Economic Forum and chastise governments resisting privatization and deregulation of large industries. On the other hand, these works instill a sense of fear in the post–9/11 world, as many nations and groups are depicted as foils to global connection—their own development complicated by dated cultural beliefs and traditions that ultimately threaten to violently derail the future. Thus, while globalization has brought us closer to allies, it has also compressed the world in such a way as to make it more vulnerable to conflict and resistance. Ultimately, these are fears of difference in which cultural heterogeneity, rather than the worldwide “McDonaldization” of societies, is emphasized.

A number of anthropologists have felt compelled to respond to these conceptions of globalization. Besteman and Gusterson’s Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong: Anthropologists Talk Back (2005), for example, takes its inspiration from public anthropologists like Boas and Mead and wields an anthropological sensibility with ethnographic evidence to challenge the destructive myths of America’s most popular pundits writing about globalization. The volume’s chapters are written in clear and compelling language, and are thus geared toward a general audience.

Finally, some anthropologists have cast a critical eye on the theoretical underpinnings of anthropological approaches to globalization, calling attention to the problematic gendering of epistemologies attempting to capture large-scale social change. Freeman’s “Is Local: Global as Feminine: Masculine?” (2001) provocatively examines the implications of the partition of masculine macro theories of globalization (which largely ignore gender) and ethnographic approaches to globalization emphasizing locality and gender.

Globalization is a term that has, in many instances, come to replace the older and no less complex notion of “development.” In fact, Edelman and Haugerud (2005) have argued that globalization has replaced the term development as the new action word of contemporary international governance discourse. Not simply a term that describes an inevitable process that is shaping the modern world, globalization, when conflated with development, is a metapolicy guiding the way to social and economic well-being in the global South.

The replacement of development by globalization is also evident in South American contexts like Venezuela and Bolivia, where supposed antiglobalization social movements and nationalization policies have been viewed by many Northern countries and transnational organizations as detrimental to international peace and global economic stability. In contrast, these Northern governing bodies espouse state-led implementation of globalizationfriendly principles for the sake of individual nations’ prosperity, as well as prosperity for the world. Thus, it is by ultimately opening up borders and financially connecting to the wider world that nations soar themselves out of poverty and into the global marketplace, developing in the process.

The two most influential anthropological works on development, Ferguson’s The Anti-Politics Machine (1994) and Escobar’s Encountering Development (1994), challenge this widespread thinking. Ferguson argued that in fact such development schemes usually fail and in the process further embed countries in the exploitative systems that were intended to help them. Ferguson also faulted these schemes for overlooking the social and historical specificities of countries and favoring techomanagerial solutions that are generally applicable to all “developing” countries.

In his influential book, Escobar attempted to denaturalize “development” by situating it in the political aftermath of World War II, when, in 1949, President Harry Truman argued for “developed” nations of the world to systematically restructure the global South, reconfiguring the world in the image of “advanced” nations. Following

Walt Whitman Rostow and his work The Stages of Economic Growth (1960), many policymakers and social scientists in the years following Truman’s speech came to view development as the establishment of preconditions for the “take off ” from traditionality to modernity. Escobar examined how this language and categorization of development problems becomes the official knowledge of international development experts and how this expertise subsequently becomes unanchored to any political, cultural, or historical context. He ultimately argued that this categorization, or naming, of peoples and places as objects of development interventions has devastating material effects: Targeted “underdeveloped” communities are often left worse off than they were prior to the intervention, and in addition, increasingly reliant of foreign aid.

To what extent can it be said that recent transformations have changed how states govern and with what efficacy? Globalist claims have often declared the demise of the state with the dissolving of national borders and the rise of international governing institutions like the WTO, World Bank, and IMF. Yet, as Tsing (2000) noted, this idea assumes that nationstates have been historically consistent and omnipresent.

There is little doubt that the development of international law and institutions upholding it have changed the means by which many states govern their populations. However, proclamations of the global dissolving of nationstates are exaggerated, according to anthropologists. This does not mean that states have not changed at all. Indeed, contrary to the traditional doctrine of sovereignty, many states are now held accountable by international authorities and in many instances are forced to comply with their policies. The degree to which such states are actually constrained and reshaped by international institutions varies, of course, from context to context. (Merry’s 2006 overview of anthropology’s engagement with international law is instructive on the above points.) Thus, one could argue that the sovereignty of states in the present has been to a large degree reorganized, if not in many instances greatly circumscribed. Sharma and Gupta (2005), in their important volume The Anthropology of the State, argued that “sovereignty can no longer be seen as the sole purview or ‘right’ of the modern state but is, instead, partially disentangled from the nation-state and mapped onto supra-national and non-governmental organizations” (p. 7).

The shifting nature of governance and states at present comes to heavily bear on conceptions of citizenship within countries. Many anthropologists argue that globalization has reformulated many notions of and policies pertaining to citizenship. Ong (1999), for example, used the term flexible citizenship to grasp how individuals and groups deploy various strategies to evade, as well as profit from, various national regimes of citizenship. Ong argues that the elite, flexible Chinese citizens have discarded traditional notions of nationalism in favor of a “postnational ethos” that transcends national boundaries for the sake of participation in the global capitalist market.

When considering the various viewpoints outlined above, it is important to remember that anthropologists’ commitment to fieldwork and the empirical evidence it produces significantly informs their perception of the global. Said succinctly, where anthropologists work shapes their perspective on globalization. It is not surprising to find, then, that the most influential anthropologists working in sub-Saharan Africa talk of global disconnection, while many working in the metropolitan cities of India stress the interconnection brought about by a global cultural economy. Due to this, it should equally be stressed that every view of the global is always a view from somewhere. There is no perch from which an analyst can ascertain the world from an objective, comprehensive position.

Yet the contrasts in the above perspectives are highly positive in that they produce a creative tension that thwarts stagnation in favor of fresh approaches and directions for the study of globalization. One product of this tension has been an active emphasis on “studying up,” or turning a critical eye to national and international institutions and actors whose projects aim to influence social and economic change. The recent anthropological concentration on the predominate economic philosophy of the present—neoliberalism—is laudable in this regard. Important recent works—like Ong and Collier’s Global Assemblages (2005); Petryna, Lakoff, and Kleinman’s Global Pharmaceuticals (2006); and Fisher and Downey’s Frontiers of Capital (2006)—take states, transnational governing bodies like the World Bank and WTO, human rights NGOs, corporations, and even powerful individuals like the U.S. chairman of the Federal Reserve as objects of ethnographic analysis.

Furthermore, the means by which anthropologists go about examining these objects, as well as the way they write about them, is changing. The fact that anthropologists are increasingly turning their focus to the world’s powerbrokers means that they take the discourses and policies of these powerbrokers very seriously. This is all the more important because anthropologists tend to disagree with these discourses and policies and subsequently wish to dispute them. Yet in order to successfully dispute them, anthropologists must write for audiences outside of the discipline. Two works already mentioned, Why America’s Top Pundits Are Wrong and Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order, are prominent examples of this endeavor.

All told, the above discussion signals a much more general development in which anthropologists are increasingly seeking to bring their disciplinary perspective to bear on public discussions of globalization. Anthropology is one among many disciplines that can greatly contribute to this ongoing discussion.

Bibliography:

• Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at large: Cultural dimensions of globalization. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
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• Cooper, F. (2005). Colonialism in question: Theory, knowledge, history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Coronil, F. (1997). The magical state: Nature, money, and modernity in Venezuela. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Edelman, M., & Haugerud, A. (2005). The anthropology of development and globalization: From classical political economy to contemporary neoliberalism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
• Escobar, A. (1994). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• Escobar, A. (2001). Culture sits in places: Reflections on globalism and subaltern strategies of localization. Political Geography, 20 (2), 139–174.
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• Ferguson, J. (2006). Global shadows: Africa in the neoliberal world order. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Fisher, M., & Downey, G. (2006). Frontiers of capital: Ethnographic reflections on the new economy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Frank, A. G. (1998). ReORIENT: Global economy in the Asian age. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Freeman, C. (2001). Is local : global as feminine : masculine? Rethinking the gender of globalization. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 26 (4), 1007–1037.
• Graeber, D. (2002). The anthropology of globalization (with notes on neomedievalism, and the end of the Chinese model of the nation-state). American Anthropologist, 104 (40), 1222–1227.
• Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (1992). Beyond “culture”: Space, identity, and the politics of difference. Cultural Anthropology, 7 (1), 6–23.
• Hannerz, U. (1996). Transnational connections. London: Routledge. Harvey, D. (1989). The condition of postmodernity. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
• Harvey, D. (2005). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
• Inda, J. X., & Rosaldo, R. (Eds.). (2008). Introduction to the anthropology of globalization: A reader. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
• Juris, J. (2008). Networking futures: The movements against corporate globalization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Kearney, M. (1995). The local and the global: the anthropology of globalization and transnationalism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 547–565.
• Laclau, E. (1990). New reflections on the revolution of our time. London: Verso.
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• Liebes, T., & Katz, E. (1990). The export of meaning: Crosscultural readings of Dallas. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Malinowski, B. (1922). Argonauts of the western Pacific. London: Routledge.
• Marcus, G. (1995). Ethnography in/of the world system: The emergence of multi-sited ethnography. Annual Review of Anthropology, 24, 95–117.
• Mauss, M. (1990). The gift: The form and reason for exchange in archaic societies (W. D. Hall, Trans.). London: Routledge. (Original work published 1923)
• Merry, S. E. (2006). Anthropology and international law. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36, 99–116.
• Mintz, S. (1985). Sweetness and power: The place of sugar in modern history. New York: Penguin Books.
• Nash, J. (2001). Mayan visions: The quest for autonomy in an age of globalization. New York: Routledge.
• Nordstrom, C. (2004). Shadows of war: Violence, power, and international profiteering in the twenty-first century. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Ong, A. (1999). Flexible citizenship: The cultural logics of transnationality. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Ong, A., & Collier, S. (Eds.). (2005). Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems. London: Blackwell.
• Ortiz, F. (1947). Cuban counterpoint: Tobacco and sugar. New York: Knopf.
• Petryna, A., Lakoff, A., & Kleinman, A. (Eds.). (2006). Global pharmaceuticals: Ethics, markets, and practices. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Rostow, W. (1960). The stages of economic growth: A non-communist manifesto. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Scheper-Hughes, N. (2000). The global traffic in human organs. Current Anthropology, 41 (2), 191–224.
• Sharma, A., & Gupta, A. (2005). The anthropology of the state: A reader. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
• Stoler, A. (2002). Carnal knowledge and imperial power: Race and the intimate in colonial rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Tomlinson, J. (1991). Cultural imperialism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Tsing, A. (2000). The global situation. Cultural Anthropology, 15 (3), 327–360.
• Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-systems analysis: An introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
• Wolf, E. (1982). Europe and the people without history. Berkeley: University of California Press.

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Research Proposal Topics: 503 Ideas, Sample, & Guide [2023]

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🔬 Research Proposal: Definition

First of all, let’s make clear what a research proposal is. A research proposal is a type of paper you write to show others that you have a project to investigate. A research proposal demonstrates the following:

The purpose of proposal writing is to persuade others that your topic needs to be investigated. Your task is to write a well-structured text that covers all the necessary points. Make sure that everyone can understand what you wish to investigate, why it’s important, and how you are going to do it.

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The list of research proposal topics below will help you start the process. Some of the research topics are simple, while others are quite complicated. The more difficult problems also contain a short description, so that you can understand immediately whether that topic would be interesting for you.

Political Science Research Proposal Topics

Researching political science gives you plenty of room for exploration. Do you want to investigate local or global politics? Are you interested in historical or contemporary issues? The number of options is overwhelming. Have a look at this list to make choosing easier:

• Fascism and Nazism: the contemporary usage of the terms and their meaning in the history of politics. Nowadays, the terms “Fascism” and “Nazism” are often used interchangeably. The terms are originally meant to refer to Italian and German political regimes . However, the doctrines themselves have important differences.
• Contemporary religious extremism and its political and economic basis. The modern Western society is ambiguous. On the one hand, religious tolerance endorsed; on the other, religious extremism is often used to add some fuel to the fire of intolerance. Understanding the economic and political basis of religious extremism might prove helpful in breaking the illusions of both sides.
• Bernie Sanders and Jeremy Corbyn: socialists in the contemporary U.K. and U.S. politics. The U.S. Democratic Party devised its failure during the 2016 Presidential Elections by selecting Hillary Clinton . She wasn’t very popular with the public, unlike well-loved, but so-scarily-leftist Bernie Sanders. At the same time, Jeremy Corbyn and his supporters were partially successful in addressing the stagnation in the British Labor Party. Comparing the two leftist leaders and their political agenda might serve as an interesting research project topic.
• Anarchism as a political orientation and a worldview. Anarchism is commonly mistaken for chaos. In fact, it simply means the absence of formal authority and prevalence of grassroots cooperation. Numerous movements exist within anarchism , such as anarcho-syndicalism, anarcho-pacifism, etc. Their proponents have a worldview that radically differs from the “center,” albeit often it’s by no means an extremist one. Classifying and elucidating different anarchist theories and worldviews can prove a worthy research topic.
• A fragile democracy: the contemporary political crisis in Myanmar. Myanmar has for a long time suffered under the dictatorship of a military junta. The junta only dissolved in 2011, and the National League for Democracy officially rules. Yet, the militaries remain strong and often uncontrollable. The resulting crisis is tragic, and writing about it could be a good topic for a research proposal.
• The Arab Spring and its impact on the contemporary Middle East . The Arab Spring was a wave of demonstrations, protests, and revolutions in the countries of the Middle East. There was a hope that they would result in more democratic political regimes across the region. However, the results were far from optimistic. The massive impact of this phenomenon makes the Arab Spring an excellent topic example for a research proposal.
• Sarah Palin and her role in the RNC .
• Shakespeare and his influence on politics.
• The military policy of Georgia toward South Ossetia .
• Racialization of Arab Americans in the post-9/11 era.
• What countries are most opposed to globalization ?
• The Supreme Court’s close decisions regarding minorities .
• The social credit system : myths and realities.
• Why are many people disappointed with the two-party system ?
• Discuss Mexico’s reaction to the US anti-immigration policies .
• How does religion influence secular countries’ politics?

Research Proposal Topics in Information Technology

In recent years, the demand for IT skills has skyrocketed. This trend is likely to continue for the next few decades. Humanity’s dependency on computers keeps growing. Because of this, solid knowledge in IT makes you an invaluable employee for any company. So, get started by writing about one of our engaging prompts:

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• Traditional envisioning centers on linear tracks. It connects lines to show differences or similarities. Explore how comparative genomics can analyze numerous genomes in 3D surfaces.
• Real-time feedback in education . Student’s feedback is essential for both teachers and learners. Examine the ways and existing technologies that allow a teacher to get feedback on how students understand the lessons. Suggest concepts aimed at improving the professor-student communication.
• WLAN Networks: H.264 video transmission. You can assess how to improve cross-layer architecture for video transmission in WLAN Network. Examine ways to enhance video quality performance.
• Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN): performance. This topic can help you generate a whole list of ideas for further IT studies: frameworks, analysis of existing solutions, etc. You can investigate transport, physical layers, or application of the communication protocol stack.
• WLAN Network: improvement of FEC algorithms. Explore the possible way to improve FEC schemes in cases of wireless channel loss.
• Software sizing and pricing: correlation . As you may know, software’s size significantly impacts its estimated price. In your proposal, suggest methods to evaluate and lower software size.
• Component-based software engineering (CBSE) process: ways to improve. You can choose this topic among other interesting IT project proposal ideas. Investigate how CBSE can shorten the time for production, increase software quality, and reduce its costs.
• User’s behavior in social networks . Social networks are under the risk of improper users’ behavior. Provide points to detect such behavior and how to prevent it.
• Education technologies in higher education . Research methods and tools that will enhance constructive alignment in higher education teaching.
• How can the government potentially abuse facial recognition ?
• Discuss unmanned vehicles from drivers’ perception.
• 5G : usage barriers and future developments.
• Review possible solutions to current AI-related issues .
• Discuss the role of IT in promoting false information .
• What do massive data breaches mean for regular users?
• How do social media algorithms impact user experience?
• Review e-governments and other attempts to digitalize the state.
• What can happen if we integrate organic processes into robots ?
• AI in the military : violence mitigation effects.

Computer Science Project Proposal Topics

Technology surrounds us everywhere. The internet, for one, has drastically changed the way we communicate. These developments affect all aspects of our lives. One big area that has significantly benefited from ICT is education.

• Machine learning use in prediction of students’ success. Analyze how machine learning can be useful in predicting students’ grades and the rates of course completion. You can use this example to get more ideas on measurement teacher’s effectiveness.
• Students’ profile and study courses . Wrong course choice can lead to poor grades and turn studying into a waste of time. Provide suggestions on how analytics can help in students’ course choices.
• Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in education. Examine how the use of AR and VR impacts students’ comprehension of the course contents. What effect do AR and VR have on students’ performance?
• Learning preferences and customized study process. You can analyze how various students’ learning preferences, e.g., Visual, Kinesthetic , etc. can benefit from optimized learning.
• IoT and teachers’ effectiveness. Provide suggestions on how educators can adjust their teaching styles using IoT devices and sensors .
• VR and AR roles in the assessment process. Virtual and Augmented Reality can be useful in students’ performance assessment. Suggest ways of how the professor can use VR and AR.
• Gamification in education . Gamification elements can be found almost everywhere: social media, professional software, and education. Analyze how gamification can be applied to various subjects. Assess the possible student outcomes.
• Social media and group projects . Social networks, such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram, are an integral part of our daily life. Assess how social media can be useful in learning, and, especially, for group projects.
• Mobile apps: usage growth. Here’s another great sample of quantitative titles. Analyze the factors that impact the usage rate of mobile applications .
• Will the Internet be available everywhere in the future?
• Describe preview techniques to compensate for low bandwidth.
• What are the weak points of financial cybersecurity ?
• Discuss the risks related to the use of smart appliances.
• Write about issues with online surveys.
• Review the trends in medical software development .
• What health issues are associated with the use of VR devices?
• Cyberwarfare: restored and new underpinning technologies.
• Assess the use of e-learning in initial employee integration.
• Desktop and mobile app versions: how to ensure better functionality.

Business Research Proposal Topics

There’s much more to business than just talking finances. Your topic can be theoretical as well as empirical. Writing about business can cover areas such as strategic planning, leadership, or sustainability.

• The impact of employee motivation on their performance . Is it true that highly motivated staff work better? And if yes, how much better does it work? The importance of this question warrants its further investigation and may prove a worthwhile topic for your dissertation research proposal.
• Disaster preparedness plans for the business. In many regions of the world, disasters such as hurricanes or earthquakes occur frequently. The costs and losses of business due to such disasters may be tremendous. Consequently, the ways to make one’s company safe is an excellent research topic in business.
• Ways to transition to a new organizational culture . Studying the ways to make such a transition smooth and seamless could be a great research paper idea.
• The most effective leadership styles for various types of businesses. The leadership has a great impact on business performance, but it’s possible that for all types of companies there’s a certain management style that would be most effective. This theme could be a useful and interesting research topic for your proposal.
• Environmental friendliness of a business : additional costs or a way to make more profit? Many business leaders assume that decreasing the amount of waste their company produces will only result in losses. However, this is not true: eco-friendliness improves business reputation and attracts more clients. Investigating the effect of environmental friendliness on business performance could be an interesting research idea.
• The impact of various types of stakeholders on the success of a business . Exploring its exact impact on a company may be an excellent idea for your quantitative research proposal.
• Business management and innovation . Social engineering technologies caused significant changes in marketing, customer-organization relations, communications, etc. Assess how these technologies can be used in business.
• Effective energy management and its role in sustainable development. If you’re looking for business proposal topics, analyze this title. Provide suggestions on how enterprises can increase their energy effectiveness.
• Social entrepreneurship in developing countries. How can a business increase its social value without prejudice to its profits? You can use this topic for your master’s or business administration dissertation.
• Ethics and corporate social responsibility . Ethical issues remain a popular topic for research studies. Point out how corporate responsibility can increase the loyalty of employees.
• Accounting and accountability . If you’re looking for business quantitative topic examples, explore the connection between accounting and accountability.
• Business management and its effect on profits . The goal of any company is to make profits. Assess how business management influences company’s losses and profits.
• Sustainable development : the relationship with business in the 21 st century. How does sustainable development affect business? What does it mean to be a sustainable leader? Give examples of organizations that became successful in the 21st century. What are the factors that have influenced their success?
• Strategy of communication : old vs. new. Choose a company featuring a new communication strategy. Why did the management of the company decide to use it? Describe the existing practices of communication strategies . What is their effect on the company’s reputation? How do they affect performance and financial outcomes? What difference can a chosen way of communication make to stakeholders?
• China and the US: cultural and organizational behavior . Why is the Chinese market so attractive for US companies? Give examples of US companies who depend on the Chinese market. What barriers for building a business on the Chinese market are there? What are the best strategies to sell products or services in China? Recommend the best-suited regimen for the introduction of a product. Give information about organizational behavior in China. What makes it unique?
• New technologies in hospitals. What are the main difficulties associated with new technologies in a medical center? Why is there a need to keep up with the changing technologies? What healthcare issues create the biggest administration barriers? Does it affect the cost? Provide a real-life example.
• Small businesses vs. big enterprises. What is the current stand of small businesses in your area? How does their performance compare to that of big established brands? Is there a place for small businesses in the next decades, or are they dying out? If that happens, in what way will it affect the economy? What can one do to prevent monopolization of the market?
• Advertising strategies: how to advertise different types of businesses. What types of ads are known to give the best results market-wise? What advertising strategies work best for big corporations? What about small businesses? Give real-life examples. Does the cost of advertising correlate with marketing success?
• Inexperienced workers : how can they find a job? Is there a market for people fresh out of colleges and inexperienced workers? What social groups fall under the category? Is the demand for such people reflected in the paychecks? What can be done to maximize their appeal as employees? Will it benefit or harm the economy?
• Employee reward system : how to boost the workers’ performance? Describe the programs that companies set up to reward employees. Does it affect employees’ motivation? Illustrate your analysis with statistics. What types of rewards are there? Which of them work better? Should a company decide whom to reward?
• How to implement corporate ethical policy. What is ethical in the corporate world of the 21st century? Does the public image of a company reflect on its sales? Give examples of successful marketing campaigns centered on ethical issues . Can a company’s message affect employees’ productivity?
• Advertising strategies and the importance of advertising for business.
• Strategies for running a business .
• Importance of business planning .
• How does virtual reality attract customers?
• What influences employees’ adaptation to new practices?
• How does competition function in disadvantageous times?
• Small and medium-sized enterprises : how to survive.
• Discuss ways of marketing the same product to different generations .
• Digitalization and supply chain recovery in crises.
• Out-of-touch leaders: are they useful for business initiatives?

Management Research Proposal Topics

Management is a vital part of every company. That’s why good governance is the key to success. Researching this subject will prove helpful for your future career.

• Ruskin Bond’s team conflict dynamic model: how to achieve project success . Analyze various conflict types using Ruskin Bond’s team model. What resolutions can improve a project? What can result in the project’s success?
• How to improve product development using dynamic capability? Do relationships between employees affect their performance? How can they achieve knowledge integration and strategic flexibility? Use a theoretical framework in your study. Analyze the data using structural equation modeling.
• Allocation of human resources . What are the issues associated with human resource allocation? Investigate the mechanisms of top-down resource allocation. Use empirical research techniques in your research.
• Project benefit management: how to set effective target benefits? What is the scale of practical target benefits? Validate your research by presenting case studies. Use goal-setting theory in your study. Analyze the dimensions of comprehensiveness, attainability, and specificity.
• Person-centered vs. team-centered leadership . Describe how to balance a project manager’s style of interaction. Use Archer realist social theory in your research. Conduct the study using mixed methods of data analysis.
• Project managers . What is their role in internal and external relationship management? Use mixed methods in your research. Categorize the role groups. Illustrate the transition from traditional to new project management.
• The project’s added value and trust-conflict in an inter-team relationship. Do trust-conflict interactions impact project added value? Investigate relational and calculative trust dimensions. Study the influence of trust-conflict interactions on project added values. Explore task, project, and relationship conflicts.
• How to encourage the building industry to evolve into a lower carbon construction equivalent. Analyze the effects of building development project processes. How much energy does building consume, and how much are there carbon emissions? Does it affect indoor environmental quality? What are the associated needs of operations management?
• Project management practices in private organizations. Which project management practices are used in private organizations? What are the sectors of their activity? Examine the influence of managers’ personal characteristics. How do they choose their project management practices? Use a mixed-methods research methodology.
• Process groups vs. the project life cycle . How are both methods implemented in a project? Collect the data using questionnaires sampled from project managers in your area. Analyze the data using inferential statistics.
• What are the advantages of Facebook in the e-commerce field ?
• What are the skills related to management strategies ?
• Why is genuineness a major factor of success?
• What is a red ocean strategy in social media marketing ?
• The benefits of exponential thinking in management.
• Virtual human resources : is it a complication?
• Explore constructive deviance’s role in improving businesses.
• Ambiguous IT innovations in human resource management.
• Big data competencies for maintaining managerial competitiveness.
• Discuss talent cultivation and protection in competitive fields.

MBA Research Proposal Topic Ideas

Time is money. How can you use it more effectively? That’s one of the central questions you can suggest investigating in an MBA research proposal. For more inspiration, check out these ideas:

• Cost of packaging : does it affect manufacturer’s profitability? What are the most and the least popular types of packaging materials? How does the cost of packaging depend on its type? What are the problems associated with the most popular types of packaging? Give recommendations to improve the packaging strategies.
• Financial incentives as a tool for boosting workers’ motivation. What types of financial incentives do workers receive in different kinds of organizations? Do organizations recognize the correlation between productivity and financial incentives? Study how to enhance workers’ productivity and motivation.
• Effective employee selection and recruitment . Does it work as a tool for achieving top productivity in a company? What should one consider in the process of employee selection ? How can the knowledge of the labor turnover rate help choose a suitable candidate? How do you identify the candidates most suitable for career promotion?
• The durability of small scale business start-ups . How can one make sure that they’ve chosen the best project? How does one determine investment appraisal of small business in your area? Does this process benefit both the economy in general and the investors in particular? Can inaccurate methods of project assessment be identified early? What are the ways to avoid low returns?
• Time management in a company. Study how time is usually managed in companies. What types of work-time organization are there? Why would a company choose unconventional time management techniques? Does it reflect on the productivity of employees? Does it affect the company’s success in general?
• Ailing industries: will privatization help them? Identify the prospects and problems of ailing industries’ privatization. Conduct a case study. What are the reasons for the ineffectiveness of the service? Will the privatization help the business?
• Work environment and employees’ productivity. Study how to identify inadequacies of the workplace environment . What physical and psychological discomfort is involved? What solutions can be provided? Examine the environmental factors in a given company. Employ both the investigative and the descriptive approach in your research. Collect data using the interview and survey methods.
• Strategic human resource management . What are the ways to determine its effectiveness? Are strategic human resource practice and a company’s performance connected? Obtain the information for the study through questionnaire responses. Analyze your findings. Find out whether there is a relationship between strategic resource management and organization performance.
• Corporate governance . Study its impact on the management of an organization. Who designs and implements the processes and rules practiced in a company? What is the primary force that influences corporate governance ? Use research questions, surveys, and questionnaires in your study. Analyze the collected data through mean scores and frequencies. What are the systemic problems militating against corporate governance?
• Microfinance organizations and their impact on small-scale organizations. How do microfinance organizations encourage banking habits among poorer populations? How can the economic status of the small scale manufacturers be improved by giving them more capital? How can microfinance credit influence a company’s performance? What are the possible drawbacks of this business relationship?
• Review how leadership relates to job satisfaction .
• What is the key to success behind family enterprises ?
• HR training’s direct impact on retaining employees.
• Managing stakeholder attitude: potential performance implications.
• What factors are responsible for an organization’s sustainability?
• How can AI help strategic business management?
• Discuss business start-ups in the digital age.
• What happens when law and decision-making collide?
• Employee commitment during uncertain times.
• Leadership reinvention: effects for a chosen model.

Business Project Proposal Ideas

Have you been planning to start your own company? Or maybe you’d like to develop a product that makes life easier? A business project research proposal allows you to put your dream on paper. If you don’t have a concrete idea just yet, here is some inspiration:

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• A mobile application to recruit potential staff. The app will involve problem-solving puzzles. It will monitor the time spent on solving them without using outside resources. The top 10 players can be later contacted.
• A website specializing in collecting customized orders. The website will gather information on what people want to be made. It will send requests to affiliated creators. They, in turn, choose what they can complete based on their specialty.
• An e-book café and hardware/software funding. It will focus on convenient models with vast libraries. They will also provide customers with food and music.
• A traditionally animated film in the style of old classics. Most of today’s animated films rely on CGI. Due to the nostalgia factor, a hand-drawn feature could be successful.
• A representative-operated national food restaurant. The idea is to hire representatives of the culture the restaurant is based on. It may increase engagement with different demographics.
• A social media website that takes user’s suggestions into account. Competing with more established players in the field is challenging. However, you may take advantage of their known weaknesses. Your website would mind user feedback and thus avoid introducing unpopular changes.
• Safe-space avenue for online and offline presentations. Minority groups may find it challenging to access busier platforms. Offering them a spot that will guarantee their safety may benefit both parties.
• A reverse experience school for disabled people. The experiment will follow the principles of inclusivity . People without disabilities would comprise a minority. It would allow disabled people to feel less constrained.
• A digital platform for aspiring influencers . The service will offer advice and suggest the steps for building an audience.
• An analog fast food product for vegans. Today’s restaurants offer replacements for meat-based dishes. Still, it’s not always the case. That’s why a product designed with the help of clients’ feedback may become popular.
• A tattoo studio for writing-based designs.
• A streaming service for cult classics.
• A smart hotel for pets.
• A vintage CD-ROM music production kit.
• A real-life matchmaking service for single parents.
• A lactose-free nutritional drink for selling in gyms.
• A hotline with qualified mental health specialists.
• A TV show focused on Native American representation.
• A third-party mediator in a customer-realtor transaction.
• An organization providing research opportunities for students.

Research Proposal Topics on Education

Education plays a crucial role in our lives. It’s an area where constant research and improvement are incredibly important. Check out these ideas:

• The importance of early interventions in special education for children with disabilities . Investigating the “why” of it might be an interesting research topic for high school students.
• The use of innovative technologies in education . The ubiquity of computers and smartphones means that they also used in studies. Finding out new ways in which innovations might assist teachers could be an interesting research paper idea.
• The effectiveness of online universities in providing education. It could be an exciting research topic idea to compare online institutions to traditional.
• University education in a narrow specialization: a way to increase professionalism, or to spread ignorance? There exists a trend of providing education in a narrow area or specialty in the contemporary higher education setting. However, traditional universities have also been known to teach their students a wide range of courses. The benefits of an education in a narrow field and the costs of losing the tradition of an all-encompassing education are a worthwhile topic for a Phd. research proposal.
• Innovative approaches to teaching . The need for the instructor to interact with students is becoming more and more apparent in the contemporary educational setting. Studying the benefits and drawbacks of this approach might be an excellent idea for a research proposal topic list for education majors.
• The impacts of inclusive education on children without special needs. Inclusive learning is believed to have a positive influence on children with special needs and has become a trend nowadays. However, it’s unclear how such education affects children without special needs, which warrants further investigation of this research topic.

• Classroom management techniques for high school . High school teachers often have to deal with disruptive behaviors of their students. Finding out what classroom management techniques work best for this may prove a useful and engaging research topic idea.
• Problematic children: approaches to managing a child’s temperament . All children have their own personality. It can be difficult for parents to understand how to manage it. Many management approaches are depending on how a child behaves.
• How parents’ overprotectiveness may cause a child to become anxious? Some children are insecure and worrisome in unfamiliar situations. In this situation, parents should avoid being overprotective. Encouraging a child to explore is the best strategy.
• Impulsive children: parenting strategies . Parents often struggle with kids whose behavior is hard to predict. There are ways to make it easier. Parents should remain gentle with children. But, at the same time, they should promote their child’s self-discipline.
• What role does art play in child development ? It’s one of the most relevant and exciting topics for research proposals in education. Everyone supports art classes in early childhood development. However, in many countries, art disappears from the list of subjects in middle and high school. Is it the correct approach? How does art affect children’s development?
• Child development : aesthetic education as a core learning approach. Another great title of research proposal in education, also worth choosing it as a thesis topic. You can look into the benefits of aesthetic education. It helps children to become creative and see things from new points of view.
• Testing system: should it be reformed? Everyone agrees that there are too many flaws in the current testing system. Not only can it be unfair; it also puts pressure on children and college students. Look into why and how the testing system is flawed and if there is a need to fix it.
• Does the testing system impact on children’s self-confidence? Tests and exams cause children to develop anxiety and depression. Moreover, this problem may aggravate. It can lead children to develop low self-confidence and hurt their social skills.
• The purpose of early intervention . Some children need special or extra care and support throughout their development. But how to understand who needs it, and how will they benefit from it? Why would this approach be the best for them?
• Education and innovative technologies . E-books and tablets are replacing textbooks. Chalkboards are out of use since smart boards are the new solution. Both children and teachers are adapting to the latest technologies . You might research the most recent trends in this topic.
• Educational apps for children: advantages and disadvantages. Even toddlers can use smartphones and tablets now. Parents might as well use technologies for educational purposes. However, it may be tricky. Some apps combine the story with learning outcome goals and promote creativity. Others might have too much action and sound. This only distracts children from learning.
• What is the optimal “ screen time” for children ? When parents want some time to rest from kids, they just turn the TV on. Is it harmful or beneficial for children? Try to find out how much time they should spend with it.
• General education courses in college : are they necessary? Such courses include algebra, biology, and chemistry. But what if a student wants to focus on studying languages? It’s one of the best questions about higher education.
• Innovative approaches to contacting problematic children.
• Aesthetic education as a basis for child development .
• Advantages and disadvantages of a testing system .
• What’s your opinion on teachers instructing AI replacements?
• Real-time online classes or asynchronous learning models: what’s better?
• Assess learning loss in the top universities in 2023.
• Ineffective civics classes : where did the system fail?
• What are the health implications of remote teaching ?
• Learning to engineer : aims and instruments.
• Assess the importance of peer feedback in education.

Special Education Research Proposal Topics

There are many questions regarding the best approach in educating kids with special needs. Should they always study with their peers? Or do they need special classes to tackle their individual requirements? Your research proposal can focus on various aspects. The parents’ roles or the use of technology are compelling examples.

• Does inclusive education promote empathy in children without special needs? It’s one of the best learning strategies for kids with learning disabilities. No one asks what children without special needs think about it. Still, little kids are open-hearted. Most of them are happy to help their peers with difficulties.
• Does dyslexia affect a child’s social skills? In the company of loving parents, a child with dyslexia will be OK. As children start socializing, they start noticing the problems with reading . It may lead to shaming and excluding them from social groups.
• Classroom management for inclusive high schools. Disruptive behavior is a common thing in high schools. However, everything is different when the school is inclusive . Teachers face various challenges every day. New practical ideas in this field may be beneficial.
• Does early intervention impact children with learning disabilities ? Early intervention includes therapies for those who have issues with learning. Your research might consist of comparing and contrasting those methods. Find out which are the best. You may even try to develop a new approach!
• Should we educate children about their peers who have special needs ? There are training programs for teachers working with kids with learning disabilities . But what about their peers? Would children with special needs feel more support if their classmates were more understanding?
• Innovative approaches to teaching in special education . More individual interaction between a teacher and each student. In inclusive classes, it’s especially relevant. You would need to look for innovative approaches. Most research proposal questions in education are not as urgent as this one!
• Does stress influence children with learning disabilities more than others during testing? In this research, focus on the more vulnerable group of students. Special education should address this question with caution.
• How to identify and prevent reading problems in the early stage. In school, all the learning issues of a child come out. It’s vital to identify the problem immediately to prevent trauma. Look into the root causes of this problem and its possible solutions.
• Technology integration for children with special needs. This topic is connected with many questions. You would need to address all of them in your research. A sample would look like this: “What are the benefits of technology in special education?”
• How strict should educators be with children with learning disabilities ? Of course, it depends on each individual. Still, there should be some limits. All special education teachers should know how to balance being strict and permissive. Your research can serve as a guide for aspiring teachers!
• The role of parents in special education . Healthy development of a child with special needs doesn’t end with teachers. Parents also play an important role in their kids’ education. How exactly can they help their child with learning disabilities?
• The role of computers in accessible school environment.
• Learning disparity mitigation and special education certificates .
• Discuss the pros and cons of compromises in inclusive classrooms .
• What are the main challenges for FAPE’s universal application?
• Do we need new regulations in special education ?
• Review current school models for disabled students .
• Shortage of qualified educators: what can we do?
• Special education during a pandemic: lessons learned.
• What do co-occurring needs imply for teachers and students?

Research Proposal Topics in Early Childhood Education

Young children are extremely impressionable. Because of this, early childhood education has a huge impact on kids’ development. Many factors need careful consideration. Among them are learning techniques and the need of incorporating the child’s social background.

• Executive functions and early childhood education : working memory. It’s easily one of the most interesting research proposal topics in early childhood education. How do children connect their ideas? How does their mind work? And how can we use this in education?
• Early childhood : brain development through playing. The brain develops most actively during the first two years of our lives. At that age, the brain is especially vulnerable because it reacts to all environmental changes. It’s essential to support children’s development through play and stress reduction.
• Early childhood development : child care facilities vs. home. Increasingly more mothers prefer to get back to work right after the birth of their children. Daycare services are developing to meet all the child’s needs. However, can it replace the quality time children spend with their parents?
• Quality child care facility : an overview. What should high-quality child care be like? Parents often face the challenge of picking the right place for their child while they don’t know what to look for. You can provide research comparing and contrasting the best child care facilities in your area.
• Culture and early childhood education: immigrant families . Culture shapes the behavior and beliefs of small children. Immigrant families especially should always consider it. Education programs need to be adjusted to the cultural differences .
• How to divorce and not harm a child’s development. We all understand that there can be different life situations, and sometimes it’s better for people to be separated. However, it gets complicated when they are also parents. A child’s mental and emotional health is at risk during the divorce . What are the ways to protect children from this stress?
• Paternity and early childhood education . Fathers play an essential role in their children’s social skills. They affect children’s future relationships and emotional health. During your research on this topic, don’t forget to consider the sociocultural context.
• Early childhood development : gender socialization. It’s a controversial topic. Nowadays, more and more parents want to raise their children in a gender-neutral environment. How can they achieve a balance?
• Early childhood education and play-based learning. Play-based learning has been approved as one of the best approaches in early childhood development. It allows guidance from a parent while promoting a child’s independence. Play enables children to learn math, reading, and other skills engagingly.
• School readiness and early childhood education . Going to school can be stressful for both kids and parents. To minimize stress, parents can take an active part in preparing their children for this experience. This research would be aimed to identify the skills children need to gain to be ready for school.
• What are the benefits of learning the second language for children? In our globalized world, parents aim to give more opportunities to their children by teaching them foreign languages . It has been researched that learning a second language can be beneficial for children’s cognitive behavior.
• Aboriginal children education: obstacles to language development .
• Does the readiness rate contribute to injustice?
• Outline the new forms of play in schools.
• Discuss the use of relaxing games in class.
• How do teachers facilitate peer communication?
• Explore the implications of racial diversity in educators.
• Remote learning for young children: how much is enough?
• Assess teacher-child interactions during breaks.
• What activities contribute to improving reading skills ?

Sociology Research Proposal Topics

Humans are erratic creatures. Yet, we all manage to live together. Are you interested in studying the mechanics of society? Then you should consider a research proposal in sociology .

• The impact of citizen’s wealth elections . Determine how economic conditions and people’s income influence voting patterns.
• Correlation between personality, income, and career choice . You can explore how personal skills and family income motivate youth to choose their future career path.
• Population background and racial discrimination . Explore mechanisms to prevent racial discrimination in societies with a diverse background of people. You can also analyze the impact of Brexit and Trump’s slogan “Make America great again” on the rise of race discrimination .
• State pension age and its effect on the labor market . Identify how the increase of the state pension age (SPA) influences a person’s and country’s labor supply. What is the contribution of the increase of SPA to the state’s economy?
• Investing behavior: neuroeconomic approach. In the Ph.D. proposal, examine how cognitive factors influence success in the financial market. Offer your ideas on how to improve the decision-making process in investments.
• Poverty among ethnic minorities. Since the financial crisis in 2008, in-work poverty became a significant issue, especially among ethnic minorities . Analyze this issue and research how it impacts occupational mobility.
• Fiscal policy and its correlation to asset pricing . Generate risk aversion ideas and asset pricing concepts. Provide recommendations for optimal fiscal policy and its improvements.
• Racial identity and conflicts: interrelations. Conflicts are unavoidable in our daily life. In your Ph.D. research proposal, you can analyze how a person’s conflict behavior depends on their racial identity .
• Social responsibility : developing countries. Research what safety and health actions should take companies in the construction industry of developing countries.
• Describe the national specifics of poverty feminization.
• Is there a link between parental practices and children’s social attitudes?
• How did the meaning of happiness evolve through generations ?
• Segregation in modern cities.
• Discuss the early stages of language acquisition .
• Is the American dream attainable for minority groups?
• Social expectations and dating preferences: how to match pairs.
• Does family structure impact one’s occupation?
• Social networks and deviant tendencies: what’s the correlation?
• What factors are driving people to military enlistment?

Other Research Proposal Topics

History research proposal example topics.

Maybe you enjoy tracing the footsteps of past societies. Or perhaps you like to study the battles of the 20 th century. Whatever your preference is, researching any part of history will certainly yield fascinating results.

• The memory of World War II in the United States. American history books often depict the United States as a country that played a key role in defeating Nazi Germany and its allies. But was it true? And if not, what purpose did this image serve in the post-war years, and what is its function today?
• Witch Hunt in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The Holy Inquisition is notorious for its hunt and torturous murder of countless women for their alleged practice of witchcraft . The history of this hunt, as well as the doctrine of the Inquisition, might be an interesting research topic.
• Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin: a comparison of policies. The October Revolution played a significant role in history, resulting in the birth of the Soviet Union. The country was to become a communist utopia. Instead, the revolution proved violent. When Lenin died, and Stalin came to power , the country turned into a bloody dictatorship. A possible history research proposal, for example, would be the investigation of the differences between the policies of Lenin, who did try to build socialism, and Stalin, who organized a reign of terror.
• The French Revolution and its impact on the history of 19th century Europe . The French Revolution is known to be one of the most influential events in history, even though it ended in a dictatorship. The revolution’s impact on European history might serve as a worthwhile topic for research writing.
• European colonization of the Americas and the fate of Native Americans. Although the reputation of Christopher Columbus and other explorers of the New World is mostly positive, the reality was far more serious. The colonizers used ruthless and violent methods to deal with Native Americans , massacring them to gain land and enslaving them into labor. The history of cruelty might nonetheless prove an interesting topic for a history project proposal.
• The history of racism in the United States . Whether one likes it or not, racism played an important role in the history of the U.S. The country has not yet recovered from its consequences. The history of American racist ideas might be a good topic for research that may possibly help battle racial discrimination.
• History and evolution of Buddhism in the world.
• The fate of the Jewish people during World War II .
• Trace the development of the post-Macedonian empires.
• How did Princess Diana influence the Royal Family’s image ?
• Write about Magna Carta and its legacy.
• Discuss short-lived Chinese dynasties and their demise.
• Joan of Arc’s image throughout the ages .
• Explore the British Empire’s conflicts with its colonies.
• What was Caesar’s role in spreading Latin in Europe?
• The ideological background for 20 th -century civil wars .

Research Proposal Topics in English and World Literature

If you’re passionate about reading , this section is for you. From Dostoyevsky to Austen, this list contains only the most engaging prompts in literature.

• The character of Sonya Marmeladova in Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment . Sonya Marmeladova is one of the most appealing and sympathetic characters in world literature. A teenage girl, she is the embodiment of kindness and allegiance, which is not changed by the fact that she has to work as a prostitute to support her family. Analyzing her character can be an excellent research project topic.
• Tragic love in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet . The tragic story of Romeo and Juliet’s love is perhaps one of the most well-known stories in the world. It may prove a good writing topic for any course in English literature.
• The real-life plausibility of the role of Dorian’s portrait in Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray . The picture of Dorian played the role of a “moral mirror” for the protagonist of the story. But would a real-world person such as Dorian pay so much attention to such a portrait, if they had it? This is a good research question that can be investigated further.
• The character of Eliza Doolittle in G. B. Shaw’s Pygmalion . In Shaw’s play, a simple flower girl turned into a refined woman after Professor Henry Higgins taught her. Her unique transformation may be studied further if you choose this sample idea as your research proposal topic.
• Melville’s Moby-Dick : a story of a captain’s folly. One of the greatest novels in the history of American literature is devoted to Captain Ahab , planning his revenge on a white whale named Moby Dick. Would such anthropomorphization of a whale make sense in real-life, though? Selecting this as a research paper topic may help you find more about this question.
• Jane Eyre : the story of Cinderella by C. Brontë . Does the complicated and multifaceted nature of Jane Eyre make it a Cinderella story? Further study of C. Brontë’s masterpiece may be one of the best proposal ideas for your research.
• Analysis of Poe’s writing style in The Raven .
• Lost hope in Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms .
• Racial discrimination in Uncle Tom’s Cabin .
• Explore white normativity in Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby .
• What is the proposed image of Prometheus in Frankenstein ?
• Freudian concepts of sexuality in The Monk .
• Gender expectations and the Bronte sisters’ works.
• Study the anatomical imagery in The Merchant of Venice .
• Domestic animals in T.S. Eliot’s poetry.
• Vanity Fair : are its main characters realistic or symbolic?

Chemistry Research Proposal Topic Ideas

Do you enjoy analyzing what our world is made of? With a research proposal in chemistry , you can do precisely that. Whether you’re into inorganic or biochemistry, this section has what you need.

• The impact of the temperature on chemical reaction speed. Generally speaking, higher temperature means that chemical reactions occur faster. Investigating in greater detail why this happens may be an interesting research topic for high school students.
• The use of organometallic compounds in the industry. Organometallic compounds play a vital role in modern chemistry and widely used in numerous spheres of production. Studying their profits might prove an interesting research proposal idea.
• The use of organic solvents in the contemporary world. Organic solvents are essential today, being widely used for a variety of purposes. Studying them might be a great research idea for a proposal.
• The difference between covalent and ionic bonds. Covalent and ionic bonds are two of the most important types of chemical bonds between atoms. Further elucidating the similarities and differences between them is a worthwhile research proposal idea for high school students.
• The mechanisms of reaction catalysis and inhibition. Chemical catalysts and inhibitors are widely used in the contemporary world to quicken or slow down the speed of chemical reactions. The mechanism by which catalysts and inhibitors work could prove a worthwhile paper topic.
• Chemically related toxicants: their impact on human health. Chemical toxicants may be present as contaminants released by factories. Another way toxicants can exist is pollution and the results of environmental effects. In your chemistry research proposal, examine how to prevent potential toxic influence on human lives.
• Allergy and chemistry: interrelations. If you’re looking for high school research proposal titles, analyze this topic. Every year more and more people suffer from allergies. Investigate what role chemistry and toxicants play in increased disease rates.
• Respiratory toxicity: Chlorine . Chlorine is a toxicant that is exposed from plastic, paper, and chlorinated chemicals. Research the impact of Chlorine on health. How can organic home cleaning products usage lower risks of allergic rhinitis?
• Anthropogenic chemicals in the contemporary world. We face anthropogenic chemicals everywhere in our daily life. Industrial, consumer, and agricultural activities cause chemicals emissions. Investigating this issue can help you build an outstanding title list for further research.
• Toxicity profiling and its importance. Toxicity profiling can become a great research area for college and university students. Find out more about sample toxicity profiling and its purposes.
• Chemistry of LSD.
• Chemistry of synaptic transmitters.
• Alchemy in relation to physics.
• Study the potential usage of hybrid materials.
• Discuss ways to develop novel catalysts through organics.
• Atom movement and modeling of artificial molecules .
• Heterogeneous environment: impact on subatomic particle transfer.
• What are the developments in correcting cell function abnormalities?
• Review safe alternatives for contamination procedures.
• Explore the role of metal oxide catalysts in energy renewal.

Psychology Research Proposal Example Topics

In many ways, human mind remains a mystery. That’s probably one of the main reasons why psychology is such a fascinating subject. Do you want to dive into an uncharted territory or stay on the beaten track? You decide!

• Importance of being knowledgeable about cognitive psychology . Exploring people’s thought processes can be among the most exciting cognitive psychology research proposal ideas.
• The role of family in the socialization of an individual . Family plays a critical role in a person’s life, surrounding them from their childhood, providing them with food and shelter, and educating them. However, it’s important to know how a family socializes a child growing up.
• The potential consequences of an untreated post-traumatic stress disorder . PTSD is a condition that may develop in an individual after a highly traumatic event. It needs treatment , or it may have a profoundly adverse influence on the life of that individual. It’s pivotal to realize how exactly PTSD may impact a person’s life, which makes this a good research topic for a paper.
• The phenomenon of bullying in high schools from a psychological point of view . It’s unfortunate that in many contemporary high schools, bullying still poses a significant problem . It may have a serious adverse effect on the victims of bullying, so it’s pivotal to understand the reasons for bullying and the mechanisms that the victims may use to defend themselves.
• Sociopathy (ASPD) and psychopathy : similarities and differences. The terms “ sociopathy ” and “psychopathy” may often be confused by non-professionals. However, important differences between the conditions exist, and it’s paramount to understand them well.
• The psychological causes of employee resistance to change . Employees in various companies often tend to resist organizational change. Nevertheless, such resistance may sometimes have an adverse influence on organizational performance.
• Empathy from an evolutionary point of view. It’s likely that empathy—the ability to comprehend what another person feels—is a trait that emerged in humans as a part of an evolutionary process. Examining the matter further from can be an excellent evolutionary psychology research proposal.
• Jean Piaget’s contribution to psychology
• Role of methodology in developmental research
• Overcompensation of gender roles in single-mother households.
• Little Albert experiment : where did it go wrong?
• Freud and feminism : do they go together?
• Is aromanticism a choice or not?
• Discuss the trial-and-error method in choosing a therapy.
• Explore the psychology behind Mandela’s effect.
• Aging without children: what are the potential substitutes?
• Pinker’s Better Angels thesis: unchanged violence perception.

Research Proposal Topics in Philosophy

What is good and evil? Philosophers have been asking questions like this for centuries. You can join their pondering with a research proposal topic from the list below.

• Theodicy in the works of medieval philosophers. Theodicy, or the explanation of why God permits the existence of evil , was always a serious problem for religious philosophy. Medieval philosophers made numerous attempts to create a plausible theodicy. Whether they were successful or not can be demonstrated if the problem is selected as a research topic for your study.
• Refutation of proofs of God’s existence in Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason . Medieval philosophers tried hard to prove that God exists , but their “proofs” were all similar, wrote Kant. The great German philosopher argued that there are only a few main types of such proofs, and all of them do not work. Choose this as a research topic for your paper and find out why.
• Aristotelian Physics : verbalization of the “intuitively obvious.” Physics is a collection of works by Aristotle that deals with describing the physical world. Having no access to the experimental methods of science, Greek philosophers used reasoning, intuition, and speculation to build their theories. Aristotelian Physics is similar: it describes the physical world precisely as it intuitively appears to human senses.
• The concept of political power in John Searle’s works. John Searle is a contemporary American philosopher-analyst whose works cover a broad range of topics, from a philosophy of language and mind to political philosophy . Researching his ideas about political power can prove quite fruitful.
• The role of Aristotle’s works in the medieval Christian philosophy . Aristotle played a pivotal role in the development of medieval philosophy in Europe. Many philosophers of the Middle Ages based their philosophical theories and systems on what Aristotle had written. Studying Aristotelian influences on medieval philosophers is a great research topic.
• Thomas More’s Utopia and Tommaso Campanella’s The City of the Sun : a comparison of two utopias. Utopia and The City of the Sun are some of the most famous utopian writings in the history of philosophy; in fact, the very genre was named after More’s work . Comparing the two works can prove an interesting endeavor.
• Roger Bacon as the father of the experimental method in science. Roger Bacon is widely regarded as the person who introduced experimental method of inquiry into science. Investigate his works, as well as the context in which he worked. You will understand how Roger Bacon developed this idea if the proposed issue is chosen as a research topic for your study.
• What is the meaning of life?
• Ideas of philosophy and religion in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein .
• How to deny the antecedent to enhance the argument.
• Define the meaning of a “norm” in its modern sense.
• Transhumanism: is digital immortality possible?
• Study the notions of free will and regret.
• Truthmaking: why are information gaps necessary?
• What do philosophical zombies mean for anti-materialism?
• Hume and miracles: a pro-religious justification.
• Is noncombatant immunity a beacon for warfare ethics?

Research Proposal Topics in Development Studies

The evolution of states and nations is at the core of developmental studies. You can observe this process from various perspectives. These include political, social, or cultural points of view.

• Education and success : interrelations. Explore the relations between success and education. Analyze the correlation between education, quality of life, and high living standards.
• Human rights : the impact of non-government organizations and social movements. Investigate how various social movements and NGOs impact and promote human rights in different countries.
• Conflicts and their impact on livelihood. The countries with conflicts are at risk of wars eruption, which will cause deaths and poor living conditions. Researching how conflicts must be addressed to avoid the problems mentioned above might be interesting if you’re searching for good project topics in development studies.
• Waste management programs : how they influence society. Nowadays, there are plenty of waste management projects and programs. Research this issue and analyze its impact on society, environment, and economics. You can examine the Swedish experience and suggest your waste management program.
• Women empowerment : how it contributes to women’s independence. Women empowerment programs significantly impact their autonomy and self-development. However, in some regions, women still have little or no access to education. Research how vocational education impacts empowering women in different societies.
• Social institutions and economic development: interrelations. Social institutions play a significant role in ensuring the well-being of citizens. In your study, you can explore how various social institutions contribute to the economic development of the country.
• The role of social movements in promoting equality . Minorities often face inequality and injustice, especially in countries where people have a diverse ethnic, religious, and economic background. In your research paper, highlight how various social movements ensure equality in a particular country.
• Globalization and the country’s development . We live in a world where countries can’t survive without multilateral relations. Analyze how international relations influence the economic growth of a country.
• Women leaders and their role in the country’s development. Many years women were not allowed to hold leadership positions. Even now female leaders often face criticism. In your research proposal, evaluate the perception of women leaders and their role in country’s development.
• How does globalization affect public health?
• Is microfinance in low-income communities a salvation?
• What does aging imply for one’s income level?
• Developing countries : what is in demand?
• Study capital accumulation in Taiwanese households.
• Review insurance risks in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• Explore the saving habits of women in India.
• What did the current generation inherit from the Great Depression era ?
• What are the reasons behind excessive urban bias in Latin America ?
• Is pollution in developing countries inevitable?
• Caribbean states: external influences and countermeasure policies.

Medical Research Proposal Sample Topics

Thorough medical research is vital for human survival and wellbeing. The human body harbors many mysteries that need exploring. If you want to contribute to solving the puzzle, check out this section.

• Addictions among young people : treatment and prevention. Provide ideas for the treatment of young people and ways to help them live a drug-free life. Suggest concepts to prevent addictions to video games , alcohol, drugs, etc.
• Healthcare equality for minorities . Various minority groups may face inequality in healthcare. Analyze why the disparities occur for a certain minority group. Provide your suggestions on how to decrease the rates of under-insured minority representatives across the country.
• Healthcare in rural areas . People in backcountry often have limited or no access to adequate treatment. You can investigate and provide suggestions on how to improve quality of healthcare in these areas.
• Movement disorders: treatment. Neurologic conditions like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s are destructive for both the patient and their family. Assess ways to treat these conditions and help patients.
• Childhood obesity : prevention. According to the OECD report , one in six children suffers from obesity. Examine recent studies and suggest new concepts for obesity treatment and prevention .
• Pediatric transplants: patient survival. In your proposal, you can examine new drugs aimed to minimize the side effects of the treatment regimens or analyze challenges in the treatment of transplanted patients.
• Health education in high school . Numerous surveys show that more than 50% of parents are dissatisfied with the quality of health education their children receive at school. Suggest ideas to improve the quality of educational programs. What issues should they cover?
• Stress and depression among the youth . Stress-related disorders are common among students. Recent studies show that almost 75% of children up to 18 years with anxiety also suffer from depression. You can investigate ways to prevent depression and anxiety disorders.
• Mental health education . Examine the importance of proper mental health education in school, along with traditional health topics like abortions or drug abuse.
• What are the safer routes of estrogen intake for risk groups?
• Discuss disease prevention for pregnant women.
• Review the pros and cons of revascularization in older patients.
• Negligence of donor organs: who else can be potential patients ?
• The dark side of sports: diseases in athletes .
• Assess the accuracy of noninvasive screening .
• Delayed surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic : a difficult choice.
• Shift distribution in nursing : what are the adverse health outcomes?
• Sub-fertility in men and women: similarities and differences.

Biology Research Proposal Sample Topics

Biology is not just about watching birds or inspecting plants. The science of life has much to offer. If you choose to write a paper on this subject, why not study microbiology? Or maybe epidemiology? There is much left to understand about the organisms inhabiting this planet.

• Stem cell research: cloning . Examine the ethics of cloning and its effect on social development. Research what implications cloning may have on society.
• Honey bees’ disappearance . Research causes of mass disappearance of bees. What impact can it have on the agricultural industry? Provide suggestions on how to prevent its negative consequences.
• Cancer, stress, and treatment . Assess studies related to cancer and its causes. What role does stress play in cancer treatment? How can the atmosphere in hospitals help patients get better?
• Heart health and stimulants: interrelations. Examine the correlation between stimulants and risks of heart diseases .
• Diets and healthy food . Explore the most popular diets . How do they affect a person’s health? Are there any benefits of eating only certain vegetables and fruits?
• Pregnancy and hormones . Investigate how maternal hormones in the first trimester impact the risk of breast cancer . It can be a great topic for your Ph.D. dissertation since there is a lack of research on this issue. Most research works are related to the later gestation period.
• Human impact on marine life . Analyze how the Fukushima disaster influenced marine life and its effect on species population. What are the ways to protect rare or endangered species from radiation?
• Drug medicine in pediatrics. Discuss the ethics of drug prescription on children. Explore ways to improve pediatric drug trials and development.
• Indoor life and diseases : correlations. Modern life involves mostly indoor lifestyle. Analyze how it affects people’s ability to contract diseases. Is there a connection between the H1N1 flu epidemic and indoor life?
• Genetic engineering: what is possible in 2023 ?
• Discuss virus mutations and available means to prevent them.
• Explore priors in relation to epidemics .
• What biological factors influence a country’s economic stability?
• Recovery of endangered species: what obstacles persist ?
• Discuss the possible health effects of living on another planet .
• Study botanical structures in advanced artificial designs.
• What are the adverse effects of bioremediation in suburban areas?
• Rudimentary organs: which can be the next one?

Environmental Research Proposal Topics

Environmental disasters are happening at an unprecedented rate. Finding ways to combat them is an urgent mission. That’s why many countries made environmental issues a top priority on their political agendas.

• World’s coral reefs: how to prevent destruction . Provide ideas for the environmental management of the countries that will help to decrease the reefs’ destruction .
• Climate change: a scientific approach. Share your ideas on why governments criticize the Climate Change Agreement. Examine the Paris Climate Agreement and point out its weaknesses.
• LED lights and their role in environmental protection. LED lights become more and more popular. You can find them everywhere: in TVs, computers, and even cars. Point out why LED light bulbs are better than the traditional one and how they impact the environment.
• Acid rains and endangered species . Pollution is a significant issue, and one of the popular environmental proposal topics. Analyze the impact of acid rain on marine life and wildlife.
• Clothing industry and their impact on water contamination. Production of one T-shirt requires over 2,700 liters of water . Provide suggestions on how fashion trendsetters can impact the production of clothing. Suggest how upcycling programs can reduce water pollution.
• Alternative energy and transportation. Investigate whether alternative fuel vehicles can replace traditional ones. Assess the strengths and weaknesses of alternative energy.
• Fukushima disaster , Arkhangelsk explosion, and Chernobyl. Examine these three disasters: what role did a human factor play? Provide your ideas on how to prevent similar tragedies.
• Radon: how to protect families from its impact? Radon is a radioactive gas that can enter peoples’ homes through cracks in the home’s foundation. Investigate its effects on health and suggest concepts aimed to protect families from radon.
• Rainforests and their ecosystem. It’s a widely known fact that Amazon rainforests play a significant role in life on our planet. Assess the ecosystem of the rainforest and suggest methods aimed at rainforests restoration.
• How does invasive grass impact plants in arid lands?
• How do we regulate wildfire’s naturally beneficial functions?
• Review riparian forests’ role in carbon regulation .
• Explore the human factor in phenology-related disruptions.
• Describe successful watershed initiatives and their features.
• How can we replicate temperature tolerance in fish?
• Assess the environmental value of rangelands compared to other areas.
• Thriving ecosystems : what prevents their degradation?
• Modern species extinction : what happens when humans are uninvolved?
• Review existing instruments in predicting climate variability.

Research Proposal Topics in International Relations

Thanks to globalization, humanity is more interconnected than ever. How do various states, NGOs, and other global actors interact with each other? That’s the critical question of international relations. This subject contains aspects of economics, politics, and law.

• Female political leaders and their interaction specifics. Traditions inspire many political factors. Recently, women started bringing something new to it. For example, they eased the tension, especially in formal interactions.
• Representing a nation’s interest: who is the target audience? A country is at the most united while interacting with other nations. It has to present a consistent position. However, it doesn’t always reflect what the majority wants.
• The socio-economic system’s impact on foreign relations. Currently, there is a clash between two opposite views on production. Their differences might pose problems to cooperation.
• Wealth discrepancies: developing countries adopting free market approach. Many countries in the world currently require financial help. Providing it may lead to dependency on more prosperous partners. How can they adapt to capitalism?
• Free-trade organizations and their underlining political potential. Some people claim that countries in unions benefit only economically. However, they also build strong relations in other spheres. Besides, their membership may influence the union’s decision-making.
• State sovereignty : the extent of one’s independence. The countries involved in global cooperation are considered sovereign. You can debate whether we can say it about the countries dependent on others.
• The United Nation’s recent successes and failures. The organization is an influential actor on a global scale. It’s responsible for mitigating conflicts and disasters. However, not all of its initiatives are fruitful, such as Sudan.
• A personality in foreign policies : possible negative outcomes. Branches of the government cooperate on the unified state agenda. However, political leaders may eclipse this effort. For instance, their position can be unrelated to the country’s actual needs.
• Nationalism among global problems: advantages and risks . Currently, many issues require international cooperation . Still, some solutions may be harmful to particular countries.
• Debate takeover’s relevance to modern global discourse. Throughout history, countries were driven by their desire to conquer. See if this approach has transformed or outlived its purpose.
• Analyze barriers to nuclear disarming in the US.
• How do global companies affect native populations?
• What’s the impact of the liberal approach on long-lasting conflicts?
• Analyze favoritism in global relations.
• Discuss equality issues in smaller countries.
• Fake news in diplomacy and potential issues.
• Write about human rights promotion in autocracies.
• How does xenophobia influence diplomatic relations?
• Economic sanctions : how do they punish the population?
• Pick a local issue and discuss international responses to it.

Topics for a Research Proposal: Economics

It’s nice to have goods and valuables. But it’s also relevant to know how to properly handle them. Economics looks into how people produce, consume, and otherwise interact with resources.

• Subtle ways of violating workers’ rights . A government may present itself as a supporter of the working class . Study how actions such as prioritizing corporate interests reveal their real goals.
• Minimum wage equivalents in the freelance setting. A commission-based job has many advantages. However, the drawbacks are also numerous. Review them in your proposal.
• Income growth: which groups might be missing? The overall tendency for people is to earn more. Yet, it’s not always the case for minorities . See what the reasons behind it are.
• Newer industries fearing the power of unions. The benefits of labor unions are well-known. It includes better working environments and payment. But you may argue that corporations consider unions a nuisance.
• Homelessness : are we not addressing the problem’s root? Some communities have spent their budgets on making common spots for homeless people inaccessible. Yet, the underlying causes of this condition remain unresolved.
• Green proposals and initiatives : what are the reasons for rejection? Politicians have been offering plans to alleviate ecological damages. Yet, they are criticized by the representatives of the affected economic sectors.
• Federal aid: issues with transparency and legislature. Local and state governments manage their finances independently. Still, they remain under restrictions. It forces them to rely on higher-level support during difficult times.
• The fiduciary rule: who wants it revised? This rule aims to protect the customers’ interests in choosing investment plans. Discuss why some stakeholders view the initiative as an obstacle.
• Region-based wage increases : a potential temporary solution. The solution’s ultimate goal is to influence the federal wage. That’s why its proponents find regional proposals distracting. You can argue that they could work as a transitional mechanism.
• The US and migrant labor global standards. The issue with immigrants persists. Amid the crisis, select states strive to improve the situation. Does the federal level ignore international regulations?
• Wage suppression: what factors lead to it?
• Recent trade agreements ‘ implications for industry workers.
• How did COVID-19 affect farmworkers?
• Who are the potential benefactors for infrastructure investments?
• How do massive job losses impact state economies?
• Decreased economic growth : what could accelerate it?
• Why are pensions the central drawing aspect of a teacher’s profession ?
• New taxation suggestions: will the rich suffer?
• What should the fiscal policy target ?
• Tipping regulation policies and related issues.

Criminal Justice Research Proposal Topics

Criminal justice deals with the identification, judgment, and punishment of criminals. It encompasses three spheres: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections.

• Crime and emergencies . Is it true that a lot of crimes are committed during public emergencies? If so, what can be done to prevent them?
• The relationship between the police and people of different ethnicities. Can diverse police departments and body cameras prevent police violence? In what ways does the perception of police officers affect public safety?
• The efficiency of drug courts . What is the long-term effect of drug courts participation? Do they help or hurt people? What improvements can be made?
• The impact of parents’ incarceration on children. Children whose parents are imprisoned are indeed more likely to develop psychological problems. How can that be prevented? Who should take care of the children?
• How does gender influence criminal punishment ? Men are more likely to get the death penalty. Why? Are women mistreated in court?
• Can gun control reduce crimes ?
• How can drug trafficking be prevented?
• Can the death penalty ever be a fair punishment ?
• Will the legalization of prostitution cause more crimes or reduce them?

Qualitative Research Proposal Sample Topics

Are you more of a hands-on student? Does conducting interviews and fieldwork sound exciting to you? Then writing a proposal for qualitative research is the right thing for you.

• Beauty standards : women’s perception of themselves and others. The definition of beauty exists in society as an unspoken rule. Not everyone is fortunate to fit it. What does it entail?
• Feminism as an all-encompassing movement: opposing perspectives. Feminism has evolved from being about women to covering all gender rights. However, anti-feminist and notions continue to exist. See why some people insist on creating separate campaigns.
• The silent majority in non-democratic countries. Many such countries have a high population that could overthrow the regime. However, they seem content with the situation. Find a logical explanation for this phenomenon.
• Likes and reposts: how do they affect people? Social media are not just spots for sharing and discussing topics. They’re also about fame . Certain users make it their mission to achieve it.
• The allure of foreign media. Anime and Korean pop music have found success in the US. Discuss what makes them appealing to the audience.
• Successful women : what are their resilience factors? Some industries discriminate against their older female workers. However, opposite examples are also common. Demonstrate how a woman can stay on top at any age.
• The adult industry: how should we regulate it? People involved in the sex industry are often subject to abuse. The government makes attempts to prevent it. Would it be reasonable to ban the sector completely?
• Counter urbanization : why do people leave cities with opportunities? A new trend is moving into the countryside away from noise and pollution. Discuss what makes former city-dwellers make such a choice.
• Modern readers and their habits. People reading less is a topical issue. Analyze how people’s interactions with books have evolved.
• How hesitant decision-making affects abusive households . When abuse happens in a family, the sufferers often will trust experts to resolve the problem. But sometimes, the process can become complicated.
• What can people do to save the marine life ?
• Study race-based differences in accounts of police forces .
• How do you convince a child with disabilities not to give up?
• Research what happens when children’s favorite teacher retires.
• Review the methods of late-life language learning .
• What are the main obstacles when parting with one’s first job ?
• How are people with a Ph.D. degree perceived by society?
• Overweight people : what helps them the most?
• Subcultures of the past: are they coming back?
• Dealing with previously undiscovered diseases in children.

Quantitative Research Proposal Topics to Write About

If math doesn’t scare you, quantitative research might be what you’re looking for. It’s suitable for everything: from agriculture to microeconomics. Quantifying data collection and analysis is at the heart of this research method.

• Women’s contribution to the US economy . Since gaining equal rights, women started to work and buy goods actively. Assess the importance of their presence in the main economic sectors.
• The limited coverage of alternative energy sources . The world has known safer power generation means for years. Still, their usage remains limited. Discuss whether expansion is possible.
• Public security in democracies and modern autocracies. Security is one of our primary values. Sometimes people are willing to sacrifice their freedoms for it. But does it mean that less democratic countries are more secure?
• Cybercrimes: their rise and potential damage scope . Digitalization comes at a price. We can see it with criminal activity on the Internet. Discuss the forms of such activities.
• Online information sources vs. traditional media . Today, people have more news outlets than ever. Children start using social media from an early age. Yet, TV and newspapers might still have a large audience. What are their advantages?
• Violence is on the decline: myth or reality? The current time is relatively peaceful compared to earlier periods. Yet, violent incidents still happen. You can debate the trend’s universal nature in your paper.
• Natural disasters : does human activity affect their frequency? Earthquakes , landslides, and hurricanes have always posed a danger to people. Recently, they became more frequent than before. Is humanity involved in causing them?
• Smartphones as a catalyst for local decision-making. Today almost everyone owns a multi-functional mobile device. In what case can their use be an administrative issue?
• Social justice movements and feasible workplace outcomes. The recent years have seen several positive upheavals concerning women and minority groups. Evaluate their impact on employee discrimination around the world.
• Space exploration and environment: misguided priorities? Some believe that saving the Earth is hopeless. Thus, colonizing other planets is the solution. Could the money spent on those technologies have solved global issues?
• Discuss the millennials’ inclination towards volunteering .
• What’s the impact of streaming on the music industry ?
• Study cryptocurrencies and related tax evasion issues.
• Review recent trajectories in US media censorship .
• How successful are crowdfunding websites?
• Is it reasonable to choose homeschooling to avoid school shootings?
• LGBTQ’s mainstream media portrayal : a quantitative analysis.
• How do oil spills damage marine life?
• Does autocorrect function affect literacy levels in students?
• Assess satisfaction with medical services against their price.

Easy Research Proposal Topics for Students

A research doesn’t have to be about rocket science. Easy topics can be just as effective. Check out our collection of simple research proposal topics:

• Height reduction in children and older adults. Many people think that senior citizens are shorter than other age groups. Are all demographics affected by vertical changes?
• The Earth spins, but no one feels it. Some people still believe that the planet is flat. They argue that it’s so because we do not feel any movement. In fact, the sphere has certain features that prevent it. What are they?
• What is the mechanism of vaccination ? Some fear being vaccinated and prefer contracting viruses to develop immunity. It comes from not entirely understanding how vaccines work. How do they offer safer protection?
• Evolution of wings and humanity’s dreams of flying. People have always dreamed of conquering the sky. Evolution deprived them of such a skill. The dinosaur’s direct descendants were rewarded instead: common birds.
• Color perception in animals: humans vs. pets. Humans can see the world in all its glory. Yet, other creatures are not necessarily capable of that. Even cats’ and dogs’ color perception is limited.
• Time travel: is it only possible in fiction ? Many movies and TV shows use the concept of time traveling. Perhaps the future will make it possible, but under what conditions?
• How did the Solar System’s structure change over time? At some point, the Earth had eight accompanying planets. Later, the classification was overhauled. The system expanded, but it cost Pluto its planet status. What other changes occurred throughout history?
• The extent of regeneration : cells and organs. Humans are surprisingly capable of recovering from wounds. Does it also extend to whole organs?
• Current issues with space exploration and colonization. Decades ago, humanity managed to put people on the Moon. Since then, other space advancements have been made. Why weren’t they on the same scale?
• The origins of the modern-day Western calendar. Christian nations live according to the numerical system allegedly starting from Christ’s birth. It also includes seven days based on his life, although it predates him by long.
• Salt in tears and blood: is it the same?
• Assess noise sensitivity during sleep and intensive work.
• What determines the uniqueness of fingerprints?
• Alternative energy generators and how they work.
• What determines if a smell is unpleasant?
• How do optical illusions work ?
• Why do people’s preferences and hobbies change with age?
• What’s the purpose of bird songs?
• Dangerous wildfires : how much is humanity at fault?
• Animal extinction : potential impacts on other species.

If you still want to find some more topics, you are welcome to check science research proposal topics on our blog to make your academic writing life much easier.

📝   How to Write a Project Proposal

Before you start working on the proposal itself, it’s pivotal to understand the standard proposal writing format.

Every academic paper has defined rules to follow, so let’s take a look at the research proposal structure.

Components of Research Proposal

Typically, a research proposal consists of a title, abstract, introduction, research methodology, research results, discussion, ethical considerations, and references.

At the beginning stage, you should choose an interesting proposal title to investigate. It may sound unbelievable, but a carefully chosen title can do half the job in persuading your audience.

In this article, you’ll find research proposal topics in many different areas. It’s always easier to choose one if you have a list of proposal topics to browse. Once you’ve chosen your topic, make your research proposal title catchy and relevant.

Next, every research proposal needs an abstract. This part of your paper has a limited word count, typically between 100 and 300 words. If you want to convince your research committee in just a few lines, you should take this stage very seriously.

The abstract must summarize your research proposal, so it’s better to write it after the rest of your paper is done.

Introduction

This is a standard part of every paper, but different documents include various elements in their introductory texts.

A research proposal introduction should contain the following three parts:

Research Methodology

When writing a research proposal, you need to describe the methods you’ve used. It will make your work more credible and allow the readers to evaluate it properly.

Your methodology helps you carry out your research. It serves as a basis for any academic paper, and it’s closely connected with your research question.

Research Results

You may be wondering how you can write the research proposal results when you haven’t actually conducted the research yet.

Well, don’t worry—you’re not expected to draw final conclusions at this stage. Instead, just try to analyze what research proposal results you’ll get after your project is done and how those results will impact your field of study or the world at large.

This is an important part of your paper because it explains to the research committee whether or not your results will be worth the effort. Try to persuade the audience that you can get important results, but never promise too much.

Research Discussion

It’s okay to face some problems with your research, whether it’s trouble getting an interview from a foreign professor or having the funds to complete an expensive experiment.

Just don’t try to hide from the research committee the things you can’t do for your project. Instead, discuss them with your committee so they can have the whole picture and give you helpful advice on your research. Who knows—maybe one of them can introduce you to this foreign professor!

Ethical Considerations

If your research is conducted on people or animals, you should mention how you’re going to collect your data. Make sure your research proposal methodology doesn’t conflict with ethical guidelines.

References and Appendices

No research paper can be written without reading and studying dozens of sources. You site them all in the References section . If you have any questionnaires for your research proposal or any other documents related to your investigation, include them all in the appendices .

Outline of a Research Proposal: Step by Step

STEP #1. Write the abstract.

How should you write your research proposal abstract? Explain the primary problem you want to explore and tell why it’s important:

The next step is writing a research methodology section.

STEP #2. Introduce your methodological approach.

To choose a methodological approach, you need to analyze your research question. Do it from the following points of view:

STEP #3. Introduce your data collection methods.

Depending on how you answered the previous questions, choose which types of data you will need for your research:

• Primary data that you collect yourself.
• Secondary data , already available and presented by someone else.

Here are the main methods of primary data collection:

• Surveys are perfect for assignments where you need to gather information from a group of people. It can be done in the form of a questionnaire or as an interview.
• Observation is used when you need to see how something occurs in natural conditions.
• An experiment is a set of procedures conducted in order to test a theory.

Secondary data is usually obtained from books and articles. The main method here is the literature review , where you analyze and evaluate information from the source.

STEP #4. Describe your methods of analysis.

The methods of analysis can be qualitative or quantitative.

• T-tests estimate the difference between the means of two groups (e.g., populations of two cities)
• Simple linear regression analysis estimates the relationship between two variables (e.g., amount of rainfall and crop growth)
• Multiple regression analysis estimates the relationships between one dependent and several independent variables (e.g., pneumonia in people of different ages)
• Content analysis (e.g., the use of certain words in texts)
• Thematic analysis (e.g., to identify common topics in texts)
• Discourse analysis (e.g., to analyze the text in relation to its social context)

STEP #5. Justify your choices.

Here you should explain why you’ve chosen a particular methodology for your project. Show why your approach is the most appropriate one, and why other methods are not suitable. Here’s the list of the most common disadvantages:

• T-tests become unreliable when the normal distribution of data is violated.
• In simple linear regression , the results are often over-simplified.
• Multiple regression analysis can sometimes use incomplete data.
• Content analysis can disregard important nuances.
• Thematic and discourse analysis can be too subjective.

Research Proposal Cover Page & Format

Every academic paper has defined rules to follow, so let’s take a look at the research proposal writing format.

Research Proposal Title Page

The front page of a proposal includes the following:

• Your name ;
• Your project’s title ;
• Name of the institution or organization you’re applying to;
• Name and contact information of your research’s supervisor ;
• Submission date .

Formatting and References

Remember to make a reference to every article or website that you used to write your research proposal, and only use credible sources for your study, such as books and peer-reviewed articles. You are usually required to cite your sources in one of the existing citing styles, such as APA or MLA .

Research Proposal Timeline

A timeline is a plan that indicates the milestones of your research and the dates at which you could realistically achieve these milestones. Time schedules are especially important for lengthy researches.

Here are the milestones that you can include in your timeline:

• Research proposal completion
• Literature review
• Conducting experiments
• Data analysis
• First draft completion
• Rewriting and editing
• Final draft.

It’s handy to have two versions of the same timeline. First, make a shorter one to include in your research proposal. Then, write a more detailed version for your personal reference.

📄 Undergraduate Research Proposal Sample

Finally, we’ve prepared a research proposal example (MLA format) to help you better understand your task. Feel free to download it below.

This study examines the effect of mobile educational applications on pre-school children and their academic achievements. The research was conducted by studying and analyzing the information provided by similar previously conducted researches. The interpretive methods, which focus on understanding a phenomenon comprehensively, and secondary data collection, were used for this research.

We hope you’ve enjoyed this article. Have any interesting questions or ideas? Let us know in the comments!

Learn more on this topic:

• Research Proposal Help: Amazing Resources, Tips & Tools
• Best Research Proposal: How to Write, Sample and Tips
• The Importance of a Research Proposal: Purpose and Advantages

🔗  References

• Research Process, A Step-by-Step Approach: Nash Library & Student Learning Commons at Gannon University  
• How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography: LibGuides at Cornell University  
• Effective Writing: Grammar Rules  
• Making an Outline, Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper: Research Guides at University of Southern California  
• A Guide for Proposal Writing: The National Science Foundation  
• What’s the Best Business Proposal Format: Bplans, Palo Alto Software, Inc.  
• How to Write a Business Proposal, A Basic Guide: The Balance Small Business  
• How to Write Your Research Proposal: University of Westminster, London  
• Medical Students Topics: Medscape  
• Psychology Research Paper Topics, 50+ Great Ideas: Kendra Cherry, Verywell Mind  
• Topics: HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, LLC.  
• 10 Best Proposal Examples [With Critical Critiques]: Mary Cullen, Instructional Solution  
• Free Business Proposal Templates: Proposify  
• Writing Your Research ProposaL: Oxford University Department for Continuing Education  
• Writing a Good PhD Research Proposal: FindAPhD  
• Nick Bostrom’s Home Page: Nick Bostrom  
• Research Priorities: Minerva Research Initiative  
• Generate Topic Ideas Quickly and Easily: Online Research Library Questia  
• Faculty Research Topics: USC Viterbi, School of Engineering  
• Writing Research Proposals: University of California, Berkeley  
• Finding a project: Washington State University  
• Undergraduate Sample Research Topics: Political Science: Western Michigan University  
• World History: Britannica  
• Literature Topics and Research: Purdue University  
• Most Downloaded Journal of Business Research Articles: Elsevier  
• Recent Research Topics on Management: Research Gate  
• Business Administration: Academia.edu  
• Sample Business Proposals: Proposal Kit  
• Political Science Research and Methods: Cambridge University Press  
• Articles: Frontiers of Business Research in China: Springer Open  
• Management Science/Operations Research: Emerald.com  
• Working Knowledge: Business Research for Business Leaders: Harvard Business School  
• Education Research: EdSurge  
• Special Education: American Institutes for Research  
• Special Education Research Programs: US Department of Education  
• Early Childhood Education Research: Australian Council for Education Research  
• Research Areas: Department of Chemistry: Stanford University  
• Research: Chemistry World  
• Metaphysics and Epistemology: PhilPapers  
• Research Programs in Development Studies: Princeton University  
• Research Articles: The BMJ  
• Medical Research News: Medical Xpress  
• Nature Research: Nature.com  
• Research Topics: Natural Resources and Environment: The University of Arizona   
• Areas of Research: Economic Policy Institute  
• International Affairs: RAND  
• International Relations: SAGE Journals  
• Quantitative Research Topics: Frontiers In  
• Articles on Curious Kids: The Conversation
• Study of Impacts of Global Warming on Climate Change: Rise in Sea Level and Disaster Frequency: IntechOpen  
• Research Methodology: Open.edu  
• Background Research: Massachusetts College of Liberal Arts  
• Background Research: LibGuides at University of Connecticut   
• Data Analysis: The Office of Research Integrity: HHS.gov  
• Five Principles for Research Ethics: American Psychological Association  
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• How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on June 13, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.

The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:

Introduction

Literature review.

• Research design

Reference list

While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.

Table of contents

Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research proposals.

Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .

In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.

Research proposal length

The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.

One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.

Download our research proposal template

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.

• Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
• Example research proposal #2: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”

Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:

• The proposed title of your project
• Your supervisor’s name
• Your institution and department

The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.

Your introduction should:

• Introduce your topic
• Give necessary background and context
• Outline your  problem statement  and research questions

To guide your introduction , include information about:

• Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
• How much is already known about the topic
• What is missing from this current knowledge
• What new insights your research will contribute
• Why you believe this research is worth doing

Receive feedback on language, structure, and formatting

Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on:

• Academic style
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As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review  shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.

In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:

• Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
• Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
• Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship

Following the literature review, restate your main  objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.

To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.

For example, your results might have implications for:

• Improving best practices
• Informing policymaking decisions
• Strengthening a theory or model
• Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
• Creating a basis for future research

Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .

Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.

Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.

Download our research schedule template

If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.

Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:

• Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
• Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
• Source : how did you calculate the amount?

To determine your budget, think about:

• Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
• Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
• Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?

If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

Methodology

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .

Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.

I will compare …

A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.

Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.

A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.

A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.

A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.

All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.

Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.

Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.

The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.

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The Best Globalization Topics

Writing a paper on globalization is not an easy task to do because there are myriads of globalization research paper topics and ideas that require thorough investigation. If your professor allowed you to decide what globalization aspect to analyze, you need to select the one that fits your research interests best of all because, in such a way, you will be able to write an impressive paper that will bring you a good grade, as well as respect from your teacher. However, if you lack interesting ideas, there is nothing to worry about. Below, you will find multiple globalization paper topics that will help you understand your direction. Be attentive when studying this list because it surely has a topic that will help you get the best grade and improve your academic performance.

Globalization Topics

The following list will help you investigate the concept of globalization within its historical context:

• Analyze the history of globalization from the moment of its emerging until the present-day realms;
• In what way the developed and underdeveloped countries can benefit from the growth of globalization?
• Globalization and China. Discuss the impact of globalization on Chinese political and economic development;
• Discuss the anti-globalization trends emerging in the United States;
• Compare and contrast the aspects of regionalization and globalization. What makes these concepts different?
• Analyze the relationship between globalization and free trade;
• What are the main advantages and disadvantages of globalization at the international level?
• How businesses are affected by globalization. A literature review.

Globalization Topics for Descriptive Papers

If you need to write a descriptive essay on a globalization topic, make sure to have a look at the ideas mentioned below:

• What is the attitude of the low-income country resident to outsourcing?
• Discuss the major economic effects of the rise of globalization.
• How does it feel to be a student in a diversified learning environment? Provide real-life examples;
• Discuss the effect of globalization on the people from low-income states;
• Immigrant’s way of thinking and its characteristic features;
• Discuss the cultural effects of globalization;
• What are the main benefits of working for an international company?
• Globalization and environment;
• Why do so many rich people want to live in offshore countries?
• Living in the world without boundaries. Is it really great?

Narrative Essay Topics on Globalization

When you need to write a narrative essay on globalization, your task is to create a meaningful story that will demonstrate your own experience. Usually, such essays are very interesting and engaging because they allow to learn more about their writers. If you cannot find a good topic for your narrative essay, have a look at the globalization essay topics mentioned below:

• My own understanding of the globalization concept. Why globalization becomes a popular trend?
• Having a pen-friend in the foreign country. What are the advantages?
• The world is becoming a huge village. Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of this tendency;
• My interpretation of the statement “The more languages you know – the better person you are;”
• The role of cultural diversity in my life.
• Why it is important to respect other people regardless of their color of skin, religion, and background?
• Why do I want to travel?
• The history of my family from the immigration standpoint;
• My experience of traveling to another country. What traditions and customs fascinated me?
• “East or west – home is best.” Provide your real-life experience;
• My life in a diversified society. Do I feel protected?
• What are the main advantages of being an international student? Are there any disadvantages?
• Cultural diversity and its meaning in my life;
• How to be a leader in a diversified team?
• Why do I like to communicate with people from different countries?

Globalization Topics for Persuasive Essays

When writing a persuasive essay, your primary goal is to convince your reader on a certain viewpoint. As such, your topic should provide you with room for discussion:

• Is globalization good or bad for underdeveloped countries?
• Outsourcing has a positive effect on the economics of the underdeveloped states. Do you support this claim?
• Life in the contemporary world is safer than it was fifty years ago;
• Discussion of Trump’s statements regarding the Green Card Lottery;
• Offshore tax havens as the worldwide practice;
• Globalization and its effect on the US international economy;
• Working in a diversified community has many advantages. Agree or disagree with this statement;
• Can globalization become the reason for World War III? Why? Why not?
• Globalization cannot be blamed for the broadcasting of immoral values;
• Brain-drain tendency and outsourcing.

Globalization Topics for Expository Essays

An expository essay aims to discuss a certain concept from different perspectives allowing the reader to gain a multifaceted understanding of this concept. Check out our list of great globalization topics for expository essays:

• Do you agree that a Green Card lottery is a good decision?
• What are the main effects of globalization on culture?
• What are the main causes of outsourcing?
• Why being an international student is a great experience?
• What is the effect of the Cold War on the globalization?
• State three major triggers of globalization and explain them;
• In what way did the concept of globalization change its meaning since its appearance?
• Name the socioeconomic impact of globalization;
• Discuss the impact of globalization on the formation of the national identity;
• Discuss the influence of globalization on the US labor market.

Globalization Speech Topics

The topic for a speech should allow you to find good convincing arguments to help your audience understand and support your viewpoint. If you want to get some interesting ideas for your speech, make sure to check the list below:

• The impact of social media on the concept of globalization;
• The concept of globalization in popular TV shows;
• The influence of globalization on the South Korean industry;
• The impact of globalization on the US social environment;
• The positive impact of globalization on the everyday life of the individual;
• Globalization and its effects on education in the 21 st century;
• Globalization in Singapore.

Globalization Topics for Discussion

A good topic for discussion is always controversial and debatable. Below, you will find a list of burning issues that will definitely help you understand what topics are relevant today:

• The relation between globalization and feminism;
• The effect of globalization on the relationships between the US and other developed states;
• Globalization as the destructive power worldwide;
• Globalization and its destroying effect on the US distinctive culture;
• Globalization trends in the rhetoric of the White House.

Globalization Topics for Research Proposals

A research proposal is usually written when the student wants to approve the topic and objectives for writing a lengthy research project. The ideas mentioned below will help you boost your writing inspiration and understand the areas you need to focus on:

• Globalization and population problems in Italy;
• Globalization and cultural development in India;
• A discussion of three main types of globalization: cultural, economic, and technological;
• The positive impact of globalization on Chinese economics;
• Globalization and Ukraine;
• Is globalization just an another name of Americanization? Explain your rationale;
• In what way does globalization influence consumer behavior?
• The role of Disney and other major companies in globalization;
• Globalization in South Africa and its characteristic features.

  How to Write a Great Globalization Essay?

If you want to get a good grade for your globalization essay, you should take care of its content, structure, and formatting. Developing your ideas in the right order will greatly help you explore your topic from different angles. If you lack sufficient writing skills, have a look at the common essay outline suggested below, and you will get an understanding of how your ideas should be developed:

Introduction

In your introduction, you need to inform your reader about your topic and explain what makes this topic relevant. Also, your introduction should include a thesis statement that will indicate the overall idea of your essay.

In the main body, you need to analyze the topic in detail providing the accurate in-text citations supporting your claims. Your main body needs to be divided into a couple of paragraphs and each of these paragraphs should be dedicated to one single point related to the thesis statement. Move from one paragraph to another smoothly with the help of proper transition phrases. Allow your reader to follow the flow of your ideas and try not to confuse them. 

A conclusion is the final paragraph of your essay that should help you wrap up your discussion and emphasize the theoretical and practical value of your study. Please, note that your conclusion should not include new information as the primary purpose of this part is just to summarize everything being said.

Reference Page

If you used some credible academic references when writing your essay, make sure to include all of them in your reference list. Otherwise, your work will appear as plagiarized, which is very bad for your reputation.

All in all, you should know that writing a paper about globalization can be a very interesting process. However, if you have no idea how to do it, do not hesitate to find a reliable writing service and ask for help. Cooperating with the trustworthy writing platform, you will be able to get good grades for your papers without spending days and nights on their writing.

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125 Original Research Proposal Topics and Ideas

Table of Contents

A research proposal is an academic paper that presents a research topic that requires an in-depth discussion. Basically, it covers the significant details such as the scope, objectives, and timeline of a project to be submitted. Its ultimate aim is to explain the reasons why a particular topic that you have chosen needs further research. Currently, would you have to prepare a research proposal? Are you seeking the best research proposal topics in your field of study? Don’t worry! We will help you in preparing a great research proposal . For a research proposal, a good topic is necessary. If you have no idea what topic to choose for your research proposal, then keep on reading this blog post.

Here, we have presented a list of brilliant research proposal topic ideas on various academic subjects. Explore and pick an ideal topic that is suitable for scoring an A+ grade.

Research Proposal Writing

Generally, many students without having a basic knowledge of research proposals prepare the document by presenting all the information in an improper structure and format. In the research paper preparation process, research proposal writing is an important step that shouldn’t be skipped.

If you want funds for your research project, then you must have approval for your research proposal. Mainly, to craft a winning research proposal, you should prove how worthy your research paper is by including the benefits and results of the proposed study along with strong evidence. In specific, you should mention the need for researching the topic and justify your interest.

In case, you are unsure of how to write an acceptance-worthy research proposal, then make sure to follow the below-mentioned steps.

• Firstly, find the right topic or theme for research.
• Secondly, analyze and generate your research question from the topic you have selected.
• Thirdly, collect the important points and ideas you would like to discuss.
• Fourthly, create a unique research proposal outline with essential sections.
• Fifthly, pick a catchy title for your research proposal.
• Next, construct a concise abstract.
• Then, write a catchy introductory paragraph.
• Explain the research objectives and importance of the research.
• Include a literature review.
• Describe the research methodology.
• Present the expected research results or hypothesis.
• Mention the ethical considerations.
• Specify the research limitations.
• In the end, include citations and references.
• Finally, proofread and edit.

Executing all these steps will help you to come up with a brilliant research proposal. Most importantly, while preparing a proposal for your research topic, you should strictly stick to the guidelines and standard referencing style that your professors ask for.

List of Research Proposal Topics and Ideas

Below we have listed some captivating research proposal ideas on different subjects such as business, medicine, law, education, and so on. If you are struggling to find a unique topic for your research proposal, then from the below-suggested list, pick a topic that is interesting to you.

Business Research Proposal Topics

• Explain the effect of globalization on small businesses.
• Share some best strategies for an effective sales pitch.
• Discuss the consequences of working overtime.
• How does virtual reality attract customers?
• Explain the importance of business planning.
• How to run a business effective-share some strategies.
• Explain the advertising strategies for different business types.
• How to shift to a new organizational culture?
• Explain how to market the same product to different generations.
• How to implement corporate ethical policy?
• Discuss the way of business operations in the digital era
• Analyze the impact of COVID-19 on businesses
• How the regular operations of businesses have changed due to the pandemic?
• Discuss the importance of different leadership styles for businesses
• Why do equity, diversity, and inclusion in the workplace becoming essential for every business organization?

Marketing Research Proposal Topics

• Analyze ‘geographic arbitrage’ in the context of business
• Research and write about influencer marketing in the fashion industry.
• Present the marketing strategies across different cultures.
• Write about Global Marketing Pitfalls.
• How do brands exploit impulsive buying?
• Trace the evolution of consumer behavior in the past 15 years.
• Compare traditional and digital marketing.
• Explain the importance of creating a consistent brand image.
• Analyze and present whether gamification is a powerful marketing tool or not.
• Write about Advertising Analytics and Marketing Innovations.
• Explain the difference between Paid Search Marketing and Search Engine Optimization.
• Critical evaluation of influencer marketing
• Comparative analysis of video marketing and omnichannel marketing
• Discuss the top trends that have impacted marketing in 2022
• How brand awareness is related to repeat purchases?

Research Proposal Topics on Computer Science and IT

• List the weak points of financial cybersecurity.
• Analyze the trends in medical software development.
• Discuss the risks associated with the use of smart appliances.
• What effect do AR and VR have on students’ performance?
• Present possible solutions to current AI-related issues.
• Write about software sizing and pricing.
• How to maximize the use of big data?
• 5G: usage barriers and future developments.
• Analyze the performance of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks.
• How do social media algorithms impact user experience?
• Explain how detention policies in Australia go against the country’s human rights.
• Explain the impact of international business law market expansion decisions of SMEs.
• Does the verdict of “not guilty by reason of insanity” do justice to the victims?
• Importance of parental and community involvement in the education system?
• How can covert racism in the classroom impact the mental health of first nation students and impact their educational outcome, motive to participate, and engagement?

Ideas for Law Research Proposal

• Write about gender bias in Criminal Justice Laws.
• Explain Human Rights in International Law.
• Describe the evolution of International Trade Law.
• Write about Salesperson’s Negligence and Consumer Law.
• Explain International Marine Pollution Law.
• Discuss Sexual Harassment Law in Action.
• What are the elements of US Traditional Business Law?
• Explain the law of criminal procedure.
• Describe International Business Law.
• What is the impact of Plea-Bargaining Law on Criminal Justice?

Research Proposal Ideas on Education

• Explain how psychology can improve education.
• Discuss the effective ways to improve education using digitalization.
• What are the best studying methods for students?
• How does social learning affect education?
• Discuss the difference between practical education and theoretical education.
• What are the effects of blended learning?
• Analyze the parenting strategies to handle impulsive children.
• What are the best education apps for children?
• Discuss the high school classroom management techniques.
• How to provide special education for children with disabilities.

MBA Research Proposal Ideas

• What is the key to success behind family enterprises?
• Write about business start-ups in the digital age.
• How to handle overqualified employees.
• Discuss Healthcare Human Resources Management.
• How can microfinance credit influence the performance of a company?
• Research how to enhance workers’ productivity and motivation.
• What factors promote employee Loyalty?
• How can AI help strategic business management?
• What happens when law and decision-making clash?
• Describe the factors that are responsible for an organization’s sustainability.

Medical Research Proposal Topics

• Explain the connection between Psychology and Physical Health.
• Discuss the impact of seasonal allergies on health.
• Assess the accuracy of noninvasive screening.
• Discuss disease prevention for pregnant women.
• Explain the features of medical ethics and deontology.
• Share some modern medical techniques.
• How to prevent depression and anxiety disorders.
• What are the safer routes of estrogen intake for risk groups?
• Compare Sub-fertility in people.
• Explain the common disease in athletes.

See Also – Outstanding Medical Research Topics for you to Explore & Analyze

Research Proposal Topics for Postgraduate Students

• Describe the red ocean strategy in social media marketing.
• Discuss the ethical issues with international electronic voting.
• Explain the benefits of exponential thinking in management.
• Assess noise sensitivity during sleep and intensive work.
• What are the health implications of remote teaching?
• How to improve pediatric drug trials and development.
• A quantitative analysis of LGBTQ’s mainstream media portrayal.
• Discuss the demand for electric vehicles in the 21st century.
• Review the methods of late-life language learning.
• Trace the development of the post-Macedonian empires.

Captivating Research Proposal Topics

• Explain how to replicate temperature tolerance in fish.
• How to prevent virus mutations?
• Write about nuclear politics in the modern world.
• Explain the reasons why socialism has failed.
• How does invasive grass impact plants in arid lands?
• Explain the problems of Genetic Engineering.
• Discuss the concept of brain plasticity.
• Explain the relation between parental practices and children’s social attitudes.
• Examine the ethics of cloning.
• Discuss the political identity of a multicultural state.
• Research the war attitudes in American and British poems.
• Explore the psychology behind Mandela’s effect.
• Discuss the myths and realities of the social credit system.
• Explain how to improve the decision-making process in investments.

Impressive Research Proposal Topics

• Research the early stages of language acquisition.
• Explain the correlation of fiscal policy to asset pricing.
• Discuss the psychology behind professional burnout.
• What are the effects of the State Pension Age on the labor market?
• Discuss the effects of individualism in British Romantic Literature.
• Changes in healthcare human resource management.
• Which ancillary perks are most valued by employees today?
• Google: a global human resources management organization.
• It is the responsibility of the teacher to stop students from delaying slavery in Mark Twain’s book “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”
• What Relationship Does Family Income Have to Academic Performance?
• Why are so many schools reintroducing single-sex education?
• Methods for fostering employees’ professional and personal growth.
• A discussion of the reasons why American and British English are different.
• Examine e-governments and other state digitalization initiatives.
• What may happen if we incorporate biological functions into robots?

The Bottom Line

Out of the 125 research proposal topics and ideas suggested in this blog, choose any topic that you and your readers will find compelling. Since, a topic plays a vital role in getting fund approval, wisely handle your research proposal topic selection phase. In case, you need help with research proposal topic selection and writing, get in touch with us immediately. We have numerous PhD-certified academic writers in our team to offer high-quality assignment writing help online at a reasonable cost. Especially, based on the requirements you submit to us, our subject experts will compose and dispatch original and winning research proposals in advance of the deadline.

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200+ Research Proposal Topics

Published by Boni on June 29, 2022 June 29, 2022

What is a Research Proposal?

A research proposal is one of the essential elements of your academic career. It is a document that outlines the purpose, methodology, and results of your upcoming study. Research proposals have specific requirements concerning formatting, length, and information that must be included to be considered. Failure to follow these guidelines will likely result in rejection.

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Key Sections of a Research Proposal

When coming up with research proposal topics, you ought to know what to include in the proposal- understand the key elements that should go into your proposal. The key sections to have are:

• Title – Give your topic an attention-grabbing title. The title should be concise to state your intent.
• Abstract – This brief summary of your topic is written in two or three paragraphs. It should be informative and easy to read. Do not include citations or quotations in the abstract. State your purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.
• Table of contents – This section of the proposal is a list of the different sections of your proposal. It is a guide to your readers as they read through your paper.
• Introduction – In this part of your proposal, you ought to hook your readers’ interest. You may choose to use a question or state what the problem is in the introduction. This is also where you introduce your topic and explain how you will address it within the study.
• Literature review – In this section, you should discuss the history of research in your chosen topic, review related studies that have been done that are related to your study, and give an overview of the current literature on your topic.
• Objectives of the proposal – This section is where you state what you wish to study, explain why it is necessary or interesting, and tell the reader why your study will be important.
• Methodology – Here, you should describe how you accomplished your study and what procedures were used in conducting it. Provide details on sample size and selection techniques; also include variables being tested and measurements used in data collection.
• Scope of the research – Discuss the limitations of your study, including the length of time for data collection, testing procedures, and sample size.
• Limitations of the research proposal – This section is where you describe any limitations that might be associated with your study. Include as much detail as possible.
• Significance of the research – Summarize what will be gained by your study and why it was necessary to conduct it. This section should affect the reader and make them want to read on.
• Conclusion – Here, you should summarize your research and discuss the implications of your findings. What do they tell us about how we should do our jobs?
• References – This is where you list the sources from which you got information for your study.
• Appendices – This is where you include tables and charts that are related to your topic.

How to Select the Best Research Proposal Topic

It would help if you found a brilliant research topic to develop the perfect research proposal. But how do you create the best research topic? Here’s how:

• Ask questions – Research proposal topics are often based on a problem that must be solved. Ask yourself what questions need answers.
• Question the question – Make sure you can answer the question in your research proposal and that the answer will be meaningful.
• Put it in context – Decide if your question has implications for other areas of study, and be sure to find out if there are other researches on the topic.
• Have realistic expectations – Don’t try to tackle everything at once. Choose a precise topic and narrow down your focus as much as possible.
• Let your curiosity lead you – Attending conferences, seminars, workshops, or reading articles in trade journals may give you insights into areas of study that interest you or where there may be gaps in existing knowledge that need investigating.

By doing these, you are sure to come up with a killer research topic for your proposal.

What is Topic Selection?

Topic selection is a critical part of writing a good research proposal. It is the first step in writing a proposal. You should select your topic very carefully, as it will help you complete the entire paper. Here are some tips to help you in selecting your topic:

• Your topic should be simple.
• Your topic should be interesting.
• Your topic must be attractive to outside readers of your paper.
• You should well research your topic.

Below are brilliant examples of research proposal topics.

Psychology Research Proposal Topics

These are the psychology research proposal ideas you can work on. Psychology is a broad topic meaning there is a wide range of research ideas. Below are some of the impressive psychology topics you can cover:

• REM sleep psychology.
• How to control aggression in street demonstrations.
• How the society models our behavior.
• Anger psychology.
• Differences and similarities between cataplexy and sleep paralysis.
• Impacts of ignoring emotional needs in children when they grow up.
• The balance between restraining factors and criminal intentions.
• Causes of dehumanization in the Stanford prisoner experiment
• The role played by unfamiliar environment in Milgram’s shock experiment
• Measures of controlling aggression during street demonstrations
• Conformity, compliance, and obedience as a function of social status
• Physiological differences in brains determined by gender
• Consequences of following continuous sleep disruption at the REM phase
• An analysis of memory and cognitive processes in a patient with retrograde amnesia
• Factors contributing to multiple personality disorder onset
• Top social factors and life events endangering mental health in the US population
• Symptoms and impact of ADHD on life quality
• Environmental factors role in triggering depression
• How much discipline is enough for harmonious development of a child’s personality?
• Midlife crisis in men and women: similarities and differences
• Child abuse as the causative factor for multiple psychological afflictions in later life
• Impact of ignoring a child’s emotional needs on adult life
• What impact does self-worth perception have on academic achievement?
• Consequences of bullying in school on self-perception
• How much study effort is ok for different ages?
• Does a no-homework policy (like in Finland) have positive effects on student performance? Is such a model applicable to the US?

Criminal Justice Research Proposal Topics

Here you can choose the topic of your criminal justice research proposal. The criminal justice world is full of research proposal ideas you can work on. Examples may include:

• The effects of various factors on the re-offense rate among the elderly in the prison system.
• The findings and implications of combining the human factors engineering approach with a sociological approach to studying human behavior.
• The effects of probation and parole at different stages.
• Sex offenders and their families: Causes, consequences, and treatment.
• How do high schools prevent teenage pregnancy?
• How mass media and social media influence crimes
• Solving violence in prisons
• Political science
• The relationship between police and people of different backgrounds.
• Ethical and legal issues in international intervention
• The impact of prison on children of incarcerated individuals
• How mandatory minimum sentences hurt or help
• How Can Economic Crimes Be Reduced?
• Gun Control Debate
• Human Trafficking Combat Methods
• Power Abuse Among Police Officers Analysis

Sociology Research Proposal Topics

Sociology is a vast topic. You can write about various sociology topics, including social justice, human behavior, and so on. Below are some of the exciting topics you can write on sociology:

• How can a slight policy change affect small environments?
• What are the causes of crime, and how can it be resolved?
• Why do people offend? This includes how people react to offense and how it affects the individual.
• How does a person get into criminality?
• How are the disabled treated in society?
• Gender profiling today
• Causes and consequences of early marriage
• Sexuality in Disney movies
• Does the human race define welfare?
• Is emotional intelligence as important as they say?
• Are men better professionals than women, or is it just a stereotype?
• Causes and results of abusive marriages
• Should same-sex couples be allowed to adopt kids?
• Does homeschooling affect the quality of education?
• Does homeschooling hinder the socialization of children ?

Criminology Research Proposal Topics

Criminology is a broad topic. You can write about many subjects in Criminology, such as crime, punishment, justice, etc. Below are some of the exciting topics you can handle in Criminology:

• How does punishment work in the United States?
• Different forms of punishment and how they are carried out
• Different types of crimes and their effects.
• The stages to crime evaluation and also the stages to rehabilitation.
• The effects of crime in society today and how we can prevent it from happening again.
• Personality traits that trigger criminal behavior.
• Community deterioration and crime rates.
• Does experimental criminology affect social policy?
• Families and Crime.
• Child Sexual Abuse.
• Education and Criminal activities
• How religion influences delinquent activities
• Fingerprints and it’s meaning in investigation.
• Crimes in the sphere of computer information: criminological analysis of the offender’s identity.
• The concept and characteristics of crime among juvenile and youth.
• Preventive activities of investigative agency in the process of detection and investigation of crimes.
• The ethical basics of police activities in a modern society.
• Criminality among women: characteristics and prevention.
• Domestic crime and methods of it prevention.
• Criminological problems preventing robbery.
• Stages and methods of criminology research.
• Victims and social consequences of crimes.

Educational Research Proposal Topics

Education is a broad topic, and countless things are happening globally. This means you can discover new perspectives that are appealing to talk about. The following are some great ideas for research proposal topics you can write in the Education field.

• How playing and fun help kids grow properly
• Effects of violence in games and movies on education.
• How can students and teachers work together to improve education?
• How to tackle courses you don’t like.
• Is it really necessary to have sex education?
• Social learning and how it affects education
• How Psychology Can Help Improve Education
• Why Education Should Teach us More About Our Health
• Best Studying Methods for Students
• Does Family Impact The Level of Education a Kid Will Achieve?
• Distant education in the era of COVID-19 pandemic 
• The role of technology in distant learning 
• Student-student communication in distance education 
• How can career counseling support high school students?
• How does Race to the Top program affect students’ outcomes?
• The effect of outcomes-based education on children’s mental health
• How to prevent students from being distracted by smartphones?
• Do virtual classrooms lack a personal connection between students and teachers?
• Is the whole brain teaching method effective for college students?
• How can teachers ‘protect’ their students from procrastinating?
• Should Autism be considered an illness?

Early Childhood Development Research Proposal Topics

The development of children is influenced by both nurture and nature. In addition to the genes acquired from their parents, child development is affected by the home environment, parenting, and early experiences. Here are some of the childhood development proposal topics you can write about.

• How children grow and change in their first 12 years
• The cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of childhood development and growth.
• Does the environment have a significant role in child development?
• Why child development renders a crucial role in shaping the entire life of a person.
• Are children more creative and intelligent than the average students?
• Why child development was largely ignored throughout the History
• The social, emotional and cognitive aspects of child development and growth
• The benefits of studying how a child grows, change and learns things.
• Does environment really play a significant role in child development?
• The influence of parents, peers and caregivers on the development of a child
• Are children really more intelligent and creative than average adults?
• Why play is significant in helping children learn and understand life
• Why speaking to a real person is more important for a child’s growth than just playing games
• Child development: heredity and environment
• Social and cultural aspects of child development
• Factors affecting child development
• Child development: history, theory, and research strategies
• The child development theory of middle childhood
• Child development and Jean Piaget’s Theory of cognitive
• Language and social skills in child development
• Divorce and consequences for child development
• How parenting styles affect child development
• Gender roles and child development
• How classroom environments affect child development
• The Importance of play in promoting healthy child development
• The child development through exercise
• Adolescent mothers and effects on child development
• Violence during early childhood and child development
• Maternal employment and child development
• Child development and the effects of the internet
• Understanding the stages of child development and rate
• Are fathers crucial for child development?
• Healthy child development depends on quality child are

Business Research Proposal Topics

Business research papers are crucial for entrepreneurs taking a business degree and those who aspire to be business leaders. They enable you to understand the fundamental economic principles, financial markets, various markets, and their effects on the global economy. Below are some of the exciting business research topics.

• Pros and cons of outsourcing workforce.
• Merits of increasing brand awareness.
• Methods to increase motivation among employees.
• The relation between employee productivity and wages.
• Business differences in developing countries Impact of startups on local economies Management approaches in different cultural places
• How does management affect an organization’s performance?
• The effects of advertisement on consumer behavior
• In what ways can human resource promote industrial harmony?
• How does corporate sustainability affect the organizational process?
• Weighing the pros and cons of startup and established companies
• The strategy of corporate sustainability
• The roles of budget analysis and budgetary controls on an organization’s operation
• What is sustainable development and what is its impact on modern businesses
• The role of financial managers in maintaining records of business expenses
• How does employee motivation increase the earnings of organizations?
• The importance of a digital marketing strategy to small businesses
• Understanding the process of taxation and its relation to the profit of the business
• How to handle a crisis in an organization
• The impact of gender discrimination on employees’ performance
• The effects of a company’s environmental practices on consumer trust
• The ways a company can create a healthy and more balanced work environment
• Does workplace diversity play an important role in productivity?
• The rise of foreign exchange market in the era of globalization
• Going digital and its effects on international business
• The influence of culture in marketing and branding
• The advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing the business
• The many ways for foreign companies to handle scam
• The effects of good business communication in business development and growth
• Communication and its relation to marketing effectiveness
• How effective communication can help in dealing with global companies
• The theories of communication and their different roles in the corporate world

Social Science Research Proposal Topics

Social science topics deal with scientific research into the social relationship and the human society. The significant fields in this category are Geography, Politics, Anthropology, Law, History, Linguistics, Sociology, and Psychology. These fields provide a broad area of research proposal topics you can handle in social science. They include:

• Effects of divorce on children.
• Nature of parenting in Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender families.
• How does racial stereotype affect consciousness and self-esteem?
• The relationship between patriotism and social status.
• Should male workers have the same workplace rights as females?

Nursing Research Proposal Topics

Nursing is a broad field and requires more time to find a good research topic to pick. Your research topic should be relevant, engaging, specific, meaningful, and original. Below is a list of potential research proposal topics on nursing.

• Impact of antibiotics on child immunities.
• How to reduce infant injury during delivery.
• How to prevent malnutrition in children.
• How to treat mental disorders nonchemically during pregnancy.
• Age-related factors in the cardiovascular deterioration.
• Antibiotics impact on childhood immunities
• Effects of childhood exposure to environmental pollutants
• Effects of second-hand smoke inhalation in early life
• Genetic factors of diabetes in children
• How to diagnose and manage respiratory illnesses in children
• How to improve child care at inpatient facilities
• Analyzing the history of nursing and their role in health care
• Comparing culture’s effect on nursing in different countries
• Effective strategies to maintain emotional health for nurses
• History of treatment for eating disorders and current treatment analysis
• Analyzing effects of telephone-provided care during postnatal treatment
• Case studies of positive birth experiences
• Case studies of positive postnatal experiences
• Prevention of falls and injuries in senior patients
• Strategies to improve oral health conditions in senior patients
• Strategies to improve recognition of dehydration in aging adults
• Disorders in female sexual health
• Effectiveness of breast cancer screening measures
• Environmental factors that lead to high infertility rates
• Benefits of using antipsychotics when preventing delirium
• Chemical stimulant treatments of ADHD
• Detection and risk factors of bipolar disorder
• Effects of social media on mental health
• Effectiveness of pain management strategies in cancer patients
• History and best practices of cognitive hypnotherapy in pain management
• Medication trends in pain management relevant to nurses
• Methods of enhancing staff relations in health care
• Stem cells and their usage in the treatment of pediatric diseases
• Early-life exposure to air pollution: health effects
• Prenatal exposure to nicotine: health effects
• Cells and molecules in lung health and disease: understanding the function
• Neurotrophin and neurotransmitter receptors: a molecular study
• New therapeutic approaches to developmental diseases of the nervous system
• Movement disorders in children: understanding and treatment

Mental Health Research Proposal Topics

Mental health is a state of well-being in which every person realizes their potential, can work productively and fruitfully, can cope with everyday life stress, and can contribute to his community. While mental health research has taken significant strides, there is still a long way to go in spreading mental health awareness. The following are topics you can research on mental health.

• Does Obesity affect mental health?
• Is mental illness more dominant in men or women?
• How can we ascertain if they are mentally ill or not?
• What is the relationship between depression and weight loss?
• The lasting psychological trauma of rape.
• The relationship between depression and weight loss
• The rise of eating disorders in teenagers and adolescents
• The glamorization of mental illness in modern media
• why mental health education is relevant in our society
• Relationship between physical health and mental wellness
• Advances in mental health education and research in the last decade
• Living with mental health in the age of social media
• The importance of including mental health topics in the school curriculum
• The need to create safe spaces for people living with mental health issues.
• Friendships in men and how they contribute to mental health?
• The role of parenting in building good mental health in children
• Effect of exercise on a patient’s mental health
• Mental health developmental stages in children from birth to 5 years of age

Explore brilliant sports research paper topics .

Economics Research Proposal Topics

The ultimate goal of economists is to study how to utilize scarce resources to maximize value and generate profit. Economics is a broad field and focuses on issues such as consumption and production, investments, saving, opportunity cost, borrowing, trade markets, and employment. Given the broad issues that economics covers, the following are topics you can research.

• The effects of change in income on consumer choices.
• The relationship between unemployment and economic growth in USA.
• The relationship between productivity and internet connection in a workplace.
• What are the losses and gains of international trade in developing countries?
• The relationship between government spending and inflation in Nigeria.
• The effect of labor force participation on the economy and budget – A comparison
• The impact of marital status on the labor force composition: A case of   [your country] economy
• The relationship between salary levels and ‘economic convergence’ in [your country] ?
• Analyzing salary inequalities in [your country] and the forces behind such inequalities.
• The evolution of consumption in [your country] over the last 10 years: Trends and consumer behavior.
• The relationship between economic growth and unemployment in [your country]
• Global recession and factors that contribute to it.
• Impact of government expenditure on economic growth in [your country]
• A comparison of the United States unemployment to the rest of the world
• Sports Marketing and Advertising: the impact it has on the consumers.
• Economic Development in the Tourism Industry in Africa
• Globalization and its significance to business worldwide.
• Economic risks connected to investing in Turkey.
• The decline in employment rates as the biggest American economy challenge.
• Impacts of labor unions on labor markets
• Impacts of consumer behavior on market growth
• Globalization of trade and the impacts on the economy

Political Science Research Proposal Topics

Political science is a broad field. Writing a research proposal in this field can be complicated if you are to develop your topic. However, there are several categories where you can find a research topic, including comparative politics, philosophy research topics, public administration, and public law topics. Some of the top research proposal topics on political science include:

• How does technology impact the voting process?
• How wars shape countries for decades to come.
• Racism and its effects on modern politics.
• The internet and its role in shaping modern politics.
• Are whistleblowers traitors or saviors?
• Cultural Pressure Between the United States & Japan
• Anglo-Saxon Traits in American Government
• Can nationalism be classified as a proper school of leaders in history?
• Prosecution Ethics of Top Tier Officials
• Is Criminal Pardon Acceptable?
• European and American Federal Crimes Comparison
• Differences Between Political and Armed Conflicts
• Is Religion A Social Power?
• Corruption Elimination Methods
• Federalism traces in the Unitary Governance Model
• Compare European and American Federal Crimes
• Modern Leaders Global Interdependence
• Compare and contrast political science with pure history.
• Civil rights controversies in the United Kingdom
• Freedom of speech in the United States
• Talk about abortion and its political implications
• Discuss the death penalty in the US

Sociological Research Proposal Topics

Sociological topics deals with the development, and study of the structure and functioning of human society. Below are some of the promising research topics on sociology.

• Relationship between educational level and race.
• The feminist revolution.
• Effects of child abuse
• The relationship between education and poverty.
• The modern role of leadership and responsibility.
• Long term impact of cultural appropriation
• Impact of media on human behavior and attitude
• Key social justice issues impacting society
• Factors contributing to extreme polarization in society
• Impact of sensationalized media coverage and perceptions of current events
• How political differences impact family relationships and friendships
• Impact of social media on human relationships
• Factors that contribute to spousal abuse
• Characteristics of childhood friendships that last a lifetime
• Relationship factors that commonly lead to divorce
• Prevalence of shared custody arrangements with children alternating weeks with each parent
• Impact of living together prior to marriage on long-term relationship success
• Social media and video games as a cause of aggression among teenagers
• The effect of cultural appropriation in the long term.
• The effect of media on human attitude and behaviour.
• How political differences affect friendship and family relationships.
• Important social justice issues affecting society.
• Public distrust in political appointees and elected officials.
• The unique separation challenges that those who work from home face in their workplace.
• Industrial Revolution and its impact on a relationship and family structure
• The relationship between success in school and socioeconomic status.
• To what extent do low-income families rely on the school to provide food for their children?
• The outcome of classroom learning compared to homeschool pupils.
• The role of school attendance on children’s social skills progress.
• How to promote equality among school children from economic handicap backgrounds.
• The effects of bullying on the person’s mental health.
• The relationship between social depression or anxiety and social media presence.
• The effects of school shootings on students’ mental health, parents, staff, and faculty.
• What is the connection between environmental conditions and group behaviour?
• How can the condition of an environment affect its population, public health, economic livelihoods, and everyday life?
• The relationship between economic factors and environmental conditions.
• The relationship between juvenile crime and the social, economic status of the family.
• Factors that determine gang membership or affiliation.
• How does upbringing affect adult anti-social behaviour?
• How does cultural background and gender affect how a person views drug abuse?
• The relationship between law violation and mental health.
• The effect of globalization on various cultures.
• What influences the problematic attitudes of young people towards their future?
• The role models of the past decade versus the ones in recent times.
• The effect of changes in the educational field on new students.
• Discuss the effects of social media on college students.
• Discuss the role of countries, languages, and nationalities at schools.
• How can the harassment and bullying on social media be controlled?
• Discuss the reasons behind childhood obesity.
• How are children and teenagers affected by the mass media?
• Discuss the inequalities in health care and social classes.
• How can humans establish rational relationships with nature?
• What are the negative effects of industrial wastes on the environment?
• Compare the wage gap between the genders in different states.
• Why should we promote equal opportunities for men and women?
• What does it mean to be transgender?
• Discuss the empowerment of women in sports
• What can be done to make the environment safer for women?
• Discuss the negative effect on children adopted by a family of different ethnicity.
• Why should parents take a parenting class before having children?
• Why must students at religious schools be forced to take standardized tests?
• What is the relationship between class and religion?
• Are ethnicity and nationality the same thing?
• Do race, nationality, and ethnicity affect self-esteem?
• What is the difference between ethnic culture and race?
• Discuss changes within the urban environment.
• Discuss class, gender, and age as a factor of inequality.
• How are urban sustainability and global environmental crisis related?
• What are the social responses to urban social movements?
• Explain the social impacts of implementing the rural revival program.
• What is the end of rural society and the future of rural sociology?
• Discuss migration dynamics in the development of rural South Africa.
• Discuss the reasons behind the population growth in rural America.

Social Work Research Proposal Topics

Social work research is the structured investigation of problems associated with the social work field. Some of the research proposal topics on social work include:

• Most common challenges encountered by Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender youths in the United States schools.
• Dealing with child abuse in orphanages.
• Healing steps for victims of domestic violence.
• Risk factors for dangerous grief.
• Strategies for building resilience in social workers.
• The importance of group therapy for children in foster homes
• Impacts of clinical depression on teenage girls
• Lack of child support and its impact on child care in America
• A look into depression and the stigma associated with it.
• ADHD within foster homes and its impacts on children
• Disability and how it affects the lives of middle-aged parents
• The recurring case of displacement and its violent effects on street children
• Understanding the trauma associated with child-parent separation
• How divorce positively impacts the health and lifestyle of children
• A close analysis of the myths associated with Welfare mothers
• Addressing the issue of substance abuse amongst teenagers
• Death and how it impacts the collective well-being of the family
• Absence of child support and its impact on child care in America.
• The social displacement of Autistic children.
• Effect of clinical depression on adolescent children.
• The influence of continuous mobility in the lives of orphan toddlers.
• Analyzing the feeling of depression and the stigma about it.
• Analyzing the trauma of parent-child separation.
• Discuss the concept of substance abuse among teenagers.
• Identify the similarities and distinctions between ADHD and Dyslexia.
• A comprehensive study of anti-depressants and their present efficiencies.
• The influence of America’s carceral structure on the minority and low-income group homes.
• What are the drawbacks of the carceral system of America?
• Housing abandonment and societal opinion- Evaluate. 
• Secondary traumatic stress and the risk factors associated with it. 
• Drug rehabilitation program- Pros and Cons. 
• Discuss the suicide prevention protocols in your locality. 
• Explore the perspectives of women living with mental illness, stigma and receiving community services.
• Leadership practice, organizational culture and new managerialism: strengths, challenges, variations and contradictions in service agencies.
• An analysis of the narrative of the maternal experience of women who experienced Child Sexual Abuse by a family member.
• Impact of gender and culture: to contribute satisfactory factors long-term marriages.
• The construction of housing as a social problem: A factors, mediating strategies.
• An exploration of the relationship between school and girls’ self-esteem.
• Investigate the factors influencing the use of narcotics and other substances by adolescents
• Develop a framework to assess racial and ethnic inequality in the workforce
• Investigate the relationship between cultural acclimatization and educational performance in adolescents
• Examine methods of improving the participation of adolescents in the development of the local community
• Investigate the inclusion of the justice system in cases of child welfare
• Analyze the relationship between economic difficulties and complex grief
• Discuss the effectiveness of family therapy in a mental health setting
• Evaluate mentoring programs developed as part of your local behavioral health service
• Look into the support for lesbian and gay human rights in a range of societies
• Discuss the issues associated with long-term care for older women of an immigrant background
• Evaluate the risk factors associated with secondary traumatic stress
• Evaluate the experiences of oncology patients having received prognoses
• Investigate the social effects of giving birth to an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome
• Examine the psychosocial effects on children whose parent has been diagnosed with cancer
• Examine the mental health services and how they are adapted for use by military veterans
• Discuss the effectiveness of peer support programs for young adults with cancer
• Is post-traumatic stress disorder treated by means of brief preventive interventions?
• How can employee engagement be improved by means of improved organizational functioning?
• Discuss the development of successful smoking cessation programs
• Investigate means of assisting adolescents with substance abuse issues
• Examine how early upbringing affects later academic achievement in children
• Discuss what is being done to eradicate community violence in low socioeconomic areas
• Evaluate the effects of gender dysphoria in institutionalized adolescents
• Discuss means of early intervention in teen pregnancy cases
• Investigate the use of peer-based support in teenage pregnancy

Business Management Research Proposal Topics

Finding a good business management research topic takes effort and time since there is a vast area to choose from. Some of the best research topics on business management include:

• The impact of production strategies on the profitability of an organization.
• The effect of credit management on the profitability of manufacturing companies.
• Employee benefits and effects on their productivity.
• Effective time management as a tool for organizational survival.
• Impact of employee commitment on organization performance.
• Manpower planning and development as an effective tool for achieving organizational goals.
• Impact of pricing policy on profitability level of an organization
• The impact of production strategies on profitability of an organization

Scientific Research Proposal Topics

Scientific topics are easy to research since many reputable and current journals are published online. Here are some of the exciting topics you can write about.

• Do viruses continuously evolve to become less virulent?
• What is an antiviral drug, and how does it differ from the vaccine?
• Is it realistic that people can live on another planet?
• How can metal oxides improve cell phones?
• How well do childhood vaccines prevent diseases?
• Why solar system researchers insist this field is so important for people?
• What is Big Bang and why scientists pay so much attention to this question?
• What is the role of meteorites for our universe investigation?
• How commercial space flights will influence on the universe exploration?
• Why there are so many junks in space and how to solve this problem?
• What are the most popular careers in chemistry nowadays?
• How chemicals can cause allergies and how these materials can help to defeat such problems with health?
• Is it possible to create environmentally-friendly materials, for instance, plastic?
• What is the role of sugar in the chemical industry?
• What are the most spectacular new researches in medical chemistry?
• What are the main problems of hydraulic fracking?
• What is a disposable product and how it can harm our ecology?
• How to reduce the level of exhaust pollution in big cities?
• How to improve the weaknesses of honey bee colonies?
• What are the main differences between organic and traditional farming?
• Are small farms more ecological and safer than large farms?
• How to defeat different types of weeds?
• Can robots help medical staff to improve the quality of healthcare?
• Should armies use drones for strategic purposes?
• What is the power of bitcoin and what future expects it?
• How computers can help to discover the human brain?
• Is it ethical to hold experiments on people?
• Can scientists develop a drug to cure AIDS?
• What are the main differences between parallel and series circuits?
• How nuclear fusion investigation can help humanity?
• How gravitation influences animals and humans?
• What are the benefits of probabilistic quantum cloning?

Globalization Research Proposal Topics

Globalization discussion covers a wide area since it touches almost every aspect of the current world and how its effects differ from one region to another. Some of the research topics in globalization include:

• Globalization and population problems in (your country).
• In what ways does globalization influence consumer behavior?
• The positive influence of globalization on Japanese economics.
• Discussion of the three main types of globalization: technological, economic, and cultural.
• Analyze the history of globalization from the moment of its emerging until the present-day realms
• In what way the developed and underdeveloped countries can benefit from the growth of globalization?
• Globalization and China. Discuss the impact of globalization on Chinese political and economic development;
• Discuss the anti-globalization trends emerging in the United States
• Compare and contrast the aspects of regionalization and globalization. What makes these concepts different?
• Analyze the relationship between globalization and free trade;
• What are the main advantages and disadvantages of globalization at the international level?
• The role of Disney and other major companies in globalization;

Health-Related Research Proposal Topics

When choosing your research proposal topics on health issues, you should pick a captivating subject that will catch the reader’s attention and flaunt your knowledge in a particular field.

• When is body building considered healthy?
• Plastic surgery for beauty: should it be encouraged? Is it healthy?
• Should computers replace doctors?
• Depression in the society: can it be solved?
• Does violent music have any effects on young children?
• Changes in physical and mental health due to aging
• How modern lifestyle affects public health
• How environmental changes affect human health
• How urban pollution affects respiratory diseases
• Government investment in healthcare services in the EU versus the USA
• Inequalities in healthcare assistance and services
• Healthcare management and leadership
• Healthcare education and training  
• Technical impact on the improvement of medical services
• How does the US government encourage the development of healthcare services?
• Investment in the improvement of the healthcare sector in the UK
• Mandatory overtime of the medical staff
• Inequalities that exist in Medicine
• Nursing shortage and its impact on the patient care
• Factors that influence the Autism development in children
• The efficiency of the ongoing breast cancer studies
• Necessary equipment to improve the treatment of AIDS
• Health care issues in the third-world countries
• The impact of smoking on cancer development
• Causes and effects of heart attacks

Finance Research Proposal Topics

You can research numerous finance topics – from organizational, risk management, and corporate governance. Some of these research topics are:

• An assessment of loan defaults and their impacts on a bank’s profitability.
• Internal control within an accounting firm.
• Cybersecurity issues affecting online transactions and online banking.
• Heightening accountability and clarity in corporate organizations.
• The integration of cryptocurrency and banks in a demonetized world.
• Human resource management research proposal topics.
• Relationship between corporate image and mobile phone advertising in the field of finance
• Macroeconomic variables and their effect on the financial market in relation to the GDP on consumer market plans.
• Financing requirements in agricultural commodity businesses and its challenges
• Impact of portfolio diversification on Banks’ Return.
• Impact of energy crises on economic growth and GDP fluctuation.
• Relationship between Government Expenditure and Government Revenues.
• Considerations for saving taxes and financial strategies
• Life insurance investment and the participation of investors in these investments
• Risks that could be posed to the banking sector, and how to mitigate them?
• The latest technology that are behind commercial banking
• How can we help prevent the onset of global economic crisis?
• Does the banking industry have the ability to lessen the consequences of the financial crisis?
• Potential solutions to ethical issues in the field of corporate finance
• The establishment of business entities and the use of business finance
• Modernization of business and the role of finance in business
• Selling our life insurance do we have a tax incentive that is effective in this case?
• Who are the people who mutual funds affect in the private and public sectors?
• Diverse investment options for various types of financials – Do you have an investment option you prefer?
• How do taxes affect financial decision?
• What are the most effective ways to effectively manage credit?
• The mobile banking industry and the problems
• The distinction between traditional and behavioral finance
• The effect of control over budgets on organization performance
• An analysis of the usage of financial state in evaluating the performance of a company
• Examining the effects of loan defaults and loan defaults on the financial viability of banks
• Examine the differences between traditional finance and behavioral finance.
• The impact of electronic banking on satisfaction of customers.
• An analysis of loan defaults and the impact it has on the bank profitability
• The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on the foreign economic activity of enterprises
• The essence and significance of monetary policy
• Organization of financial control in a market economy
• The role of funds in solving social problems
• Risk management in the financial sector

English Literature Research Proposal Topics

The easiest way to get an idea on your research proposal topic on English literature is to start broad and then work on making the topic more specific and attractive to the readers. Below are a few research topics on English literature.

• Artificial languages in literature.
• Good and evil in literature.
• Psychology in literature.
• Romance and sex in literature.
• Sarcasm and irony in literature.
• The American Dream in literature
• How do religion and literature correlate?
• The image of Death as a character in literature
• Literature as an instrument of propaganda
• How is mythology termed in literature?
• Discuss why Harry Potter became that popular.
• Is it advisable for literature to be gendered?
• Evaluate between utopian and dystopian literature.
• Discuss the work of Shakespeare.
• Can fan fiction be considered an independent part of literature?
• How do clichés work in literature
• How are the Byronic characters in literature?
• Discuss the good and evil of studying literature.
• How can you term irony and sarcasm in literature?
• How can literature be termed as an instrument of propaganda?
• The relation between literature and psychology.
• The influence of European culture in the Midwest literature.
• The differences between the literature of different countries.
• The effect of European culture on modern literature.
• How is the Image of death represented as a character in literature?
• Is there an appropriate gender in literature?
• Evaluate the Victorian literature.
• Evaluate the methods of teaching English literature.
• Investigate modern Indian literature in English translation.
• Evaluate women writers and the survey of English literature.
• Investigate the impact of the Bible on English literature.
• Evaluate the impact of the Classics on Literature.
• Define the scope of English literature in Educating people.
• Explain the influence of Darwin on Literature.
• Explain medieval English literature.
• How has the role of a woman changed in twentieth-century literature?
• What effect does Milton’s paradise lost have on 17th-century literature?
• The role of female writers in the literature
• The role of the supernatural and spirituality in literature
• The relationship between old and contemporary American literature
• Distinguish between performance and narration in literature
• Challenges of studying English literature.
• The power of wealth in modern literature
• The Female masculinities in old English Literature.
• The historical analysis of children’s literature.
• The idea of death in Renaissance literature.
• The utilization of language activities in teaching and learning of English Language.
• Discuss women in nation-building and influence on literature.
• The relevance of folktale in the learning of literature.
• The significance of drama and poetry in literature.
• An analysis of the Asian theatre and influence on modern literature.
• The examination of leadership in literature.
• The relevance of literature in the world.
• What is the need to study literature?
• Discuss contemporary American Literature.
• The African Realism and influence in Literature.
• How did colonization influence modern literature?
• Define 20th-century Latin American literature.
• Evaluate African Americans and their fight for equality in American Literature.
• Define realism, naturalism, and modernism in African American literature.
• Evaluate Allen Ginsberg and American Protest literature.
• Examine American literature and society.
• Provide your understanding of censorship in American Literature.
• Evaluate black American women writers and their influence on the world.

Research Proposal Topics in Information Technology

Information technology (IT) includes many facets of computer, communication, and data management, and it is rapidly evolving. IT research is important if you are looking to further technological developments, tackling problems, and enhancing the effectiveness and security of information systems. Below are some of the information technology topics you can research:

• Exploring the uses and challenges of blockchain technology in different industries.
• Cybersecurity measures for preventing advanced persistent threats to critical infrastructure systems.
• Utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning to improve network security.
• What are the effects of cloud computing on storage and data processing?
• Examining the use of augmented and virtual reality in education.
• Examining artificial intelligence’s place in autonomous vehicles.
• Enhancing healthcare information systems’ data privacy and security.
• Examining quantum computing’s Effect on Cryptography.
• Creating useful data mining methods to draw useful conclusions from large datasets.
• Analyzing IT’s contribution to sustainable development and environmental protection.
• Examining the opportunities and challenges of 5G networks and other future technologies.
• Creating effective computer vision algorithms for the processing of images and videos.
• Investigating the potential of edge computing for real-time data processing.
• Examining IT’s potential to improve supply chain management.
• Developing user-centric information systems for the delivery of personalized healthcare.
• Investigating IT’s role in E-commerce: Trends in consumer behavior.
• Examining the ethics of face recognition technology.

Computer Science Project Proposal Topics

Students and researchers working on computer science projects have a great chance to use their theoretical understanding and problem-solving abilities to tackle actual problems. Below are some of the fascinating project proposal ideas about computer science:

• Creating an intelligent Chabot for E-commerce customer support.
• Making a recommender system for customized film recommendations.
• Using encryption techniques to build a secure password manager application.
• Using face recognition to create an automated attendance management system.
• Creating a machine-learning model for trend prediction in the stock market.
• Developing a virtual assistant powered by AI for smart homes.
• Creating a real-time tracking online food delivery system.
• Designing a system to detect fraud in online banking transactions.
• Creating a social network analysis tool for Influencer Identification.
• Developing a VR application for virtual museum tours.
• Creating a sentiment analysis tool for social media data analysis
• The development of a deep learning model for medical image analysis and diagnosis.
• Creating a multi-agent traffic management system for smart cities.
• Building a gamification-enabled e-learning platform.
• Building a conversational AI Natural Language Understanding (NLU) system.
• Installing a cloud-based document management system for businesses.
• Creating a system for human-robot interaction in industrial automation.
• Using a sentiment analysis system to monitor social media texts.

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• Essay on Globalization

Good Media And Globalization: Question One Research Proposal Example

Type of paper: Research Proposal

Topic: Globalization , World , Media , Literature , Study , Support , Information , Development

Published: 12/13/2021

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Globalization has signalled a new form of society; however, it is not new because most of its elements are a continuation of past forms of interlinked societies. Globalization entails the process of integration and interaction among individuals. Research indicates that international transactions and interactions drive it while information technology facilitates its proliferation. The significance of this study will be felt across all regions of the globe because it will be an important source of background information as well as a study of numerous questions that people will reflect upon for many years to come. Primarily, this research study will be based on the evaluation of credible books and articles related to the study. The research study will be organised as outlined below.

B. Annotated Bibliography

Rantanen, T. (2010). The Media and Globalization. New York: SAGE Publications In this book, Rantanen indicates that different media forms, such as social media as well as television, and print media, have played an important role in spreading culture, religious practices, and enhancing interactions between people from different nations and continents. I will use the facts and information from this book to support my arguments regarding the relationship between globalization and media. Akram M., Faheem, M., Dost, M., and Abdullah, I. (2011). Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 23 [Special Issue In this article, the authors outline and discuss some of the positive and negative effects of globalization across the globe. Furthermore, the authors attempt to elucidate the true extent of globalizations. I will use this article to support the fact that globalization has resulted to a profoundly new form of society. Additionally, this article will support the assertion that globalization has led to immense financial developments across the globe. Friedman, T. (2013). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. Washington: Douglas and McIntyre. In this book, the author evaluates the concept of globalization in regards to the notion that the world is flat. Friedman further includes crucial information and insights to assist the reader to understand the idea that globalization entails a continuation of ideas, developments, and basic forms of previous societies. I will use this resource to support the idea that globalization is a continuation of some of the innovations and concepts that were introduced by earlier generations.

Akram M., Faheem, M., Dost, M., and Abdullah, I. (2011). Globalization and its Impacts on the World Economic Development. International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 23 [Special Issue Friedman, T. (2013). The world is flat: A brief history of the twenty-first century. Washington: Douglas and McIntyre. Rantanen, T. (2010). The Media and Globalization. New York: SAGE Publications

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Study links changes in global water cycle to higher temperatures

Over last 2,000 years, rising and falling temperatures have altered the way water moves around the planet

It’s a multibillion dollar question: What will happen to water as temperatures continue to rise? There will be winners and losers with any change that redistributes where, when and how much water is available for humans to drink and use.

To find answers and make informed predictions, scientists look to the past. Reconstructions of past climate change using geologic data have helped to show the far-reaching influence of human activity on temperatures since the industrial age. But assembling hydroclimate records for the same timeframe has proved to be much harder.

A study from the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Iso2k project team, led by Bronwen Konecky at Washington University in St. Louis, takes an important step toward reconstructing a global history of water over the past 2,000 years. Using geologic and biologic evidence preserved in natural archives — including 759 different paleoclimate records from globally distributed corals, trees, ice, cave formations and sediments — the researchers showed that the global water cycle has changed during periods of higher and lower temperatures in the recent past.

“The global water cycle is intimately linked to global temperature,” said Konecky, an assistant professor of earth, environmental and planetary sciences in Arts & Sciences at Washington University and lead author of the new study in Nature Geoscience .

“We found that during periods of time when temperature is changing at a global scale, we also see changes in the way that water moves around the planet,” she said.

The water cycle is complex, and rainfall in particular has geographic variations that are much more drastic than air temperature. This has made it difficult for scientists to evaluate how rainfall has changed over the past 2,000 years.

“We decided to start with water isotope records because they reflect holistic signals and because they’re recorded in all kinds of different natural archives,” Konecky said. “This is a first step toward reconstructing drought or rainfall patterns at the global scale during the past 2,000 years.”

An intertwined cycle

The global water cycle is vast and intertwined. Water evaporates from the surface of the Earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation. Each water molecule that is part of the cycle has a certain isotopic “fingerprint,” or composition, which reflects small variations in the atomic weight of the oxygen and hydrogen atoms that comprise the molecule. So, individual water molecules can be heavier or lighter.

With this new study, the scientists found that when global temperature is higher, rain and other environmental waters become more isotopically heavy. The researchers interpreted these isotopic changes and determined their timeline by synthesizing data from across a wide variety of natural archive sources from the past 2,000 years of Earth history.

The PAGES Iso2k project team — which includes more than 40 researchers from 10 countries — collected, collated and sometimes digitized datasets from hundreds of studies to build the database they used in their analysis. They ended up with 759 globally distributed time-series datasets, representing the world’s largest integrated database of water isotope proxy records.

Piecing together signals from many different types of natural archives can be like piecing together apples and oranges. Konecky and the project team knew, however, that water isotopes record climate signals in specific ways in different natural archives. Carefully assembled, this common thread could help them to compare a tree ring to an ice core.

“Every archive is different,” Konecky said. “To make matters more complicated, datasets from different archives are generated by different scientific communities with their own terminology, norms and reference materials. We came up with data description fields (metadata) for the database that translate each record’s particularities into a common tongue that makes it possible to compare variations in one archive to variations in another. This process took years!”

The team met once in person and then did everything afterward by teleconference. They organized co-working sessions at odd hours to accommodate time zones from Hawaii to Japan to Australia to Europe and in between. “We even spent one New Year’s Eve working on the database and the analyses that led to this paper,” Konecky said.

More water cycle changes to come

Global scale relationships between temperature and the isotopic composition of certain environmental waters, like seawater and glacial ice, have long been recognized as the planet moves in and out of ice age cycles. Local scale relationships with temperature on time scales of minutes to months are also well established.

But this study provides the first evidence that temperature and the isotopic composition of environmental waters go hand in hand at time scales in between these two — that is, over decades to centuries.

It’s a rapid adjustment, Konecky said. “As the planet warms and cools, it affects the behavior of water as it leaves the oceans and the vigor of its motions through the atmosphere,” she said. “The isotopic signals in these waters are very responsive to temperature changes.”

The scientists found that global mean surface temperature exerted a coherent influence on the isotopic composition of global precipitation and “meteoric water” (water in lakes, rivers and ice melts) throughout the past 2,000 years. The changes they observed were driven by global ocean evaporation and condensation processes, with lower values during the period of time known as the Little Ice Age (1450-1850) and higher values after the onset of human-caused climate warming starting around 1850.

When it comes to the specific impact of these changes on future rainfall and water availability, it is too early to predict who will win and who will lose. But this study’s data from the last 2,000 years suggest that more water cycle changes are likely as global temperatures continue to increase. June, July and August 2023 were the hottest months on record for our planet.

“The way water behaves when it leaves the oceans and moves around the atmosphere and rains out — that behavior is strongly impacted by changes in atmospheric temperature,” Konecky said.

Konecky, B.L., McKay, N.P., Falster, G.M. et al. Globally coherent water cycle response to temperature change during the past two millennia. Nat. Geosci. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01291-3

This research was funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

Comments and respectful dialogue are encouraged, but content will be moderated. Please, no personal attacks, obscenity or profanity, selling of commercial products, or endorsements of political candidates or positions. We reserve the right to remove any inappropriate comments. We also cannot address individual medical concerns or provide medical advice in this forum.

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Read our research on: Israel | Internet & Technology | Family & Relationships

Regions & Countries

Most countries don’t observe daylight saving time.

Most Europeans will adjust their clocks on Oct. 29 to “fall back” an hour, and most Americans will do the same on Nov. 5. But Europe and the United States are more the exception than the rule. Most countries do not observe daylight saving time – the practice of advancing and winding back clocks seasonally in the spring and fall.

With most Europeans and Americans getting ready to “fall back” an hour, Pew Research Center conducted this analysis to find out which countries observe daylight saving time (or otherwise change their clocks on a regular basis, even if they don’t call it daylight saving time). We also examined the time zone(s) that each country uses.

The bulk of this analysis focuses on the 193 countries that are United Nations member states. We also relied on the UN for any discussion of regional groupings but used the World Bank’s definition of North America , which includes Canada and the U.S.

Information about daylight saving time and time zones comes primarily from cross-referencing three websites: the CIA World Factbook , Clocks.world and Time.is . We also examined various news sources and government websites to confirm these findings.

To calculate the percentage of the world’s population in each time zone, we relied on population statistics compiled by the World Bank . For the small subset of places that have more than one time zone, we estimated the share of the population in each time zone based on government websites and data from City Population .

For countries that follow daylight saving time or otherwise switch their clocks each year, the population analysis uses their standard or normal, non-daylight-saving time zone(s).

Here are seven facts about daylight saving time and time zones around the world:

Only about a third of the world’s countries practice daylight saving time, and the vast majority of them are in Europe. Within Europe – as defined by the United Nations – only Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Iceland, Russia and Turkey do not practice daylight saving time.

Outside of Europe, daylight saving time is most common in North America – where parts of the U.S. and Canada use it – as well as Latin America and the Caribbean.

Egypt stands out as the only African nation with daylight saving time.

About half of all countries in the world observed daylight saving time in the past but no longer do so. In the last decade alone, Azerbaijan , Iran , Jordan , Namibia , Russia , Samoa , Syria , Turkey and Uruguay have all ended their seasonal time changes. In 2022, the Mexican congress also voted to abolish summer time in most of the country, though large Mexican cities near the U.S. border and a few other places are exempted.

Egypt has the unique distinction of having ended daylight saving within the last decade (2014) and bringing it back. This year, the country again adjusted its clocks in an effort to save energy .

While most of Europe and the U.S. practice daylight saving time, some policymakers in the European Commission and in the U.S. Congress have proposed doing away with it.

Some countries, including the U.S., have daylight saving time in only part of the country. In the U.S., Hawaii and most of Arizona, as well as some territories, do not observe daylight saving time . Australia, Brazil and Canada are similar. For example, in Australia , daylight saving is not observed in Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia, Christmas Island or the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.

Some countries have changed their time zones in the past decade for political or economic reasons. For example, President Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela decided in 2016 to reverse his predecessor’s time zone change – which was intended to allow children to wake up for school in the daylight – because of concerns about electricity consumption.

In 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un changed his country’s clocks to match those of South Korea in advance of a historic summit – reversing his 2015 decision to establish his own time zone, Pyongyang time.

São Tomé and Príncipe changed its time zone twice – once in 2018 as part of a strategic development plan and again in 2019 under a new prime minister, restoring the previous time zone.

Since 2018 , Morocco has also permanently been on daylight saving time (essentially switching its time zone from UTC+0 to UTC+1), changing its clocks based on Ramadan rather than for summer and winter time.

The U.S. is one of the few countries with multiple time zones. Only around 20 countries in the world have more than one time zone – often because they administer overseas territories.

France, for example, is often cited as the country with the most time zones – 12 or 13, depending on the time of year. But everyone living in metropolitan France – the part of France located in Europe – resides within a single time zone.

Russia has the most contiguous time zones , with 11.

The U.S., for its part, has nine time zones , with six of them covering the 50 states and the remaining three applying to territories. And some U.S. states even have more than one time zone within them.

The vast majority of countries are “on the hour,” but a few are not. In most of the world, entering a new time zone means you only need to adjust the hour hand on your watch. But visiting a few countries requires you to adjust the minute hand, too.

Afghanistan (UTC+4.5), India (UTC+5.5), Iran (UTC+3.5), Myanmar (UTC+6.5) and Sri Lanka (UTC+5.5) are all on the half hour, while Nepal (UTC+5.75) is on the 45-minute mark relative to most other time zones. (UTC is Universal Time Coordinated or Coordinated Universal Time and was called Greenwich Mean Time, or GMT, prior to 1972.)

Also, Australia and Canada each have some places that are on the hour and some that are on the half hour. In New Zealand , most of the country is on the hour, but the Chatham Islands are on the 45-minute mark.

If you want to schedule a meeting that’s convenient for the most people on Earth, consider using the UTC+8 time zone. Around a fifth of the world’s population lives in this time zone, which includes all of China. UTC+8 also includes all or part of other populous countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia and Australia, among other places.

Another good option for your meeting would be UTC+5.5, the time zone that includes India – the world’s most populous nation – along with Sri Lanka. This time zone is home to about 18% of the world’s population.

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A science experiment in the sky attempts to unravel the mysteries of contrails

IN THE SKIES OVER MONTANA ― It was a six hour flight that officially didn't go anywhere, but could help usher in a new chapter of aviation sustainability.

A high altitude series of science experiments over the course of a few weeks in October tested different kinds of aviation fuels and studied the effects of contrails – those thin, wispy cloud-like lines you sometimes see behind planes. USA TODAY got a front-row seat to the cutting-edge research a few days before the mission concluded on Nov. 1.

The flights were carried out by NASA’s DC-8 flying laboratory out of the Armstrong Flight Research Center in California while it tailed a brand-new Boeing 737 MAX 10, which will eventually join United Airlines’ fleet.

USA TODAY joined one of the DC-8 flights from Paine Field, north of Seattle, at the invitation of NASA, Boeing and United and saw a promising glimpse of what eco-conscious travelers might be able to expect in the future, if the research delivers on its promise.

“We think from the modelers that the contrails have a bigger climate impact today than all the aviation CO2 that’s been emitted in the last 100 years,” Rich Moore, principal investigator from NASA Langley said before the flight took off. “We’ve accumulated a certain amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and that’s a greenhouse gas, so there’s some warming associated with that … (But) the modelers are telling us that those clouds are also having a warming effect overall and that the effect is bigger.” 

How do contrails affect the environment?

It’s not totally clear, and that’s part of why this research is important. Scientists do have a basic understanding that contrails (short for condensation trails , which are formed partly around the tiny soot particles that jet engines emit), like clouds, trap heat and reflect it back toward the Earth’s surface, but the extent and severity of the contrail effect isn’t fully understood. The research is multi-faceted. It's looking at what conditions contribute to contrail formation and their composition, and that knowledge can be used to help better understand their effect on the climate as well as inform development of new aviation technologies.

What was the flight like?

NASA's DC-8 trailed Boeing's 737 MAX 10 and wove in and out of its wake for about six hours on Oct. 23. That allowed sensors onboard the flying lab to capture emissions data from the Boeing's engines, as well as compare that airflow to the surrounding environment. Scientists analyzed the emissions from the Boeing aircraft as it alternated between 100% sustainable aviation fuel and low-sulfur traditional petroleum-based type A jet fuel, with the help of an array of sensors onboard the DC-8.

Boeing's 737 MAX fleet uses a new generation of engines, the LEAP-1B, manufactured by CFM, which are highly efficient. The engines emit about 15% less carbon dioxide than earlier generations of 737 power plants according to SAFRAN, one of the companies in the CFM consortium

How are contrails being studied?

If an observer on the ground had been able to see through the cloud cover, they would have seen two planes circling for a few hours at 35,000 feet or so above Montana . Onboard, however, the passengers and cargoes they carried are the vanguard of aviation’s more sustainable future.

“We want to be able to sample the emissions from the aircraft ahead of us in order to understand, at cruise conditions, what are the particles and gasses coming out of the engines,” Moore said. “We want to understand the effect of those particles on the contrails under a variety of different environmental conditions.”

The technology already seems to be achieving at least some of its goals according to the researchers.

“The lean burn combustors on the LEAP-1B are incredibly low-sooting,” Moore said, explaining that engine particle emissions are a crucial part of contrail formation. “It’s observable at cruise, the absence of soot particle emissions from this engine.” 

How can the industry reduce contrails?

Moore said that during another flight, a chase plane was able to capture photographs showing the DC-8, which first entered service in 1969, producing contrails, while the new Boeing 737, with its ultra-efficient CFM LEAP-1B engines and more streamlined design, had no such streamers behind it. Boeing and NASA did not make those photos available for publication.

A full analysis of the test flights’ results is still at least a few months away, but researchers onboard and other industry partners are excited about what they’ve seen so far.

“It is a super wonky and complicated science challenge but I’m excited for the amount we’re learning,” Lauren Riley, United Airlines’ chief sustainability officer, told USA TODAY. “The industry is committed to doing the right thing.”

According to Moore, sustainable aviation fuel combined with highly efficient engines made the formation of contrails less likely than with earlier aviation technologies.

It's complicated, though.

Contrails are more likely to form when airplane engines have higher emissions, but that's not the only factor involved in their formation. Environmental factors like humidity play a role, too. Cleaner jet fuels and more efficient engines make contrails less likely to form, but they can still show up even with the most cutting-edge airplane and engine technology.

The experts emphasized that cleaner fuels are an important goal for the industry's sustainability, and that they have an added benefit of making contrail formation less likely, which probably further reduces the warming effect of flying.

“We’re still seeing contrails under some conditions but we’re having to tease out the effects of the fuels and the environmental conditions and that will be something the team will be working on over the coming weeks and months.” Moore said. “We have our work cut out for us. The emissions are just that low, we’re measuring very small signals above the atmospheric background. The fact that it’s that hard is a good thing for this technology and these fuels going forward, even if it makes our job as scientists a little harder.”

Will contrails research change passenger flights?

It probably won't mean anything noticeable to flyers right away, but the goal of this research is to make travel better for the environment. The overall aim of the airline industry is to be carbon neutral by 2050, but understanding contrails and their impact is part of a broader sustainability push by the aviation sector.

Many of those onboard the NASA flight said the research will inform the next generation of airplane technology and will help the industry move toward its sustainability goals.

“This is really allowing us to tune our technologies, to make the right technology choices to put out the products that are really maximized for sustainability, that are really best suited to where the market needs and wants to go,” David Ostdiek, a representative from GE, which is part of the CFM engine manufacturing consortium said during a post-flight briefing.

Longer term, this research will also likely contribute to better contrail forecasting tools and could lead to a better understanding of the tradeoffs between fuel efficient routings, which reduce CO2 emissions, and “clean” routings, which reduce contrail formation.

“How and where do contrails form but secondarily, what are the additional benefits of sustainable aviation fuels in mitigating (the formation and effect of contrails,)” Riley said. “There’s so much that’s still unknown and we have to take those steps forward rooted in science.” 

Zach Wichter is a travel reporter for USA TODAY based in New York. You can reach him at [email protected]

EU proposal may accelerate pharma innovation decline, industry group says

Illustration photo shows various medicine pills in their original packaging in Brussels, Belgium August 9, 2019. REUTERS/Yves Herman/Illustration/File Photo Acquire Licensing Rights

BRUSSELS, Nov 6 (Reuters) - A major pharmaceutical rules overhaul , proposed by the European Commission in April, could see Europe's share in global research and development contract by a third to 21% by 2040 translating to 2 billion euros ($2.15 billion) per year in lost investment, industry group EFPIA said on Monday.

The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) says the Commission has not conducted a competitiveness impact assessment and if the new rules become law, they would accelerate the negative innovation trend in the EU and hit small and medium-sized enterprises the hardest.

"Any changes to our incentives system would equally affect EU-based and foreign-based companies which bring medicines to the EU and, therefore, it would not put EU firms at a disadvantage," an EU Commission spokesperson said.

Medication was the single biggest contributor to the EU’s trade surplus, with 235 billion euro ($252.13 billion) worth of exports in 2021.

The EFPIA said small biotech companies have already moved to the United States and China.

The Commission has proposed shortening the time a new medicine remains patented in a bid to reduce the cost of medicines for its citizens with a faster shift to cheaper generics.

The Commission said its proposal would reduce new medicine approval times to 180 days from 400 days. It also includes boosts for small and medium-sized enterprises such a longer period to get data protection in all 27 member states as well as fee reductions or waivers schemes and favourable regulation for rare disease medicines.

Lars Fruergaard Jorgensen, CEO of Novo Nordisk (NOVOb.CO) , said that the reduction would not allow a pharmaceutical company to recoup the investment in development as well as the cost of marketing.

"If you chop off, one or two or three years of exclusivity, it’s the peak sales that you take away. When you launch a product, you have a negative profit contribution because you invest more in marketing, sales...it's really easy the last few years that you recoup your investment," Jorgensen said.

Novo Nordisk, a Danish firm, has become the Europe's most valuable listed company since it launched game-changing weight loss and diabetes drugs, Wegovy and Ozempic. Jorgensen added that Novo Nordisk has already invested more in its Boston presence.

"Everyone, going forward, will start conducting trials in the U.S....In some cases, they (the medicines) are not going to developed in Europe," Jorgensen said, adding that the U.S. offers a major market after one approval process versus country-by-country in the EU.

Germany, Belgium and France would be the hardest hit by the proposed rules, the EFPIA said citing research by Dolon that it commissioned.

($1 = 0.9321 euros)

Reporting by Julia Payne; Editing by Lisa Shumaker

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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