hypothesis examples of sentence

Examples of 'hypothesis' in a sentence

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Hypothesis in a sentence

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Hypothesis in a Sentence  🔊

Definition of Hypothesis

a proposed explanation or theory that is studied through scientific testing

Examples of Hypothesis in a sentence

The scientist’s hypothesis did not stand up, since research data was inconsistent with his guess.  🔊

Each student gave a hypothesis and theorized which plant would grow the tallest during the study.  🔊

A hypothesis was presented by the panel, giving a likely explanation for why the trial medicine didn’t seem to have much of an effect on the patients.  🔊

During the study, the researcher changed her hypothesis to a new assumption that fit with current data.  🔊

To confirm his hypothesis on why the dolphin wasn’t eating, the marine biologists did several tests over a week’s time.  🔊

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How to use "hypothesis" in a sentence?

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• English Grammar

Wishes and hypotheses

Level: intermediate

We use the verb wish or the phrase if only to talk about things which we want but which are not possible:

I wish I could see you next week. If only we could stop for a drink. I wish we had a bigger house. They are always busy. If only they had more time. John was very lazy at school. Now he wishes he had worked harder.

We use wish and if only with past tense forms :

• We use past tense  modals   would and could to talk about wishes for the future :

I don't like my work. I wish I could get a better job. That's a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop. I always have to get home early. If only my parents would let me stay out later.

• We use past simple and continuous  to talk about wishes for the present :

I don't like this place. I wish I lived somewhere more interesting. These seats are very uncomfortable. I wish we were travelling first class. I wish I was taller. John wishes he wasn't so busy. I'm freezing. If only it wasn't so cold.

• After I/he/she/it , we can use were instead of was :

I wish I was/were taller. John wishes he wasn't/weren't so busy. I'm freezing. If only it wasn't/weren't so cold.

• We use the past perfect  to talk about wishes for the past :

I wish I had worked harder when I was at school. Mary wishes she had listened to what her mother told her. I wish I hadn’t spent so much money last month.

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Hypotheses (things we imagine)

Expressions.

When we are talking about hypotheses, we use expressions like:

We use these expressions:

• with  present tense forms  to talk about the present or future  if we think something is likely to be true or to happen:

We should phone them in case they are lost. Those steps are dangerous. Suppose someone has an accident.

• with past tense forms  to talk about the present or future to suggest something is not likely to be true or to happen:

Imagine you won the lottery. What would you do with the money? What if he lost his job? What would happen then?

• with the past perfect   to talk about things in the past which did not happen :

Suppose you hadn't passed your exams. What would you have done? What if he had lost his job? What would his wife have said?

Modal verbs

We use modals   would and could for a hypothesis about the present or future :

We can't all stay in a hotel. It would be very expensive. Drive carefully or you could have an accident.

We use would in the main clause and the past tense in a subordinate clause for a hypothesis about the present or future :

I would always help someone who really needed help. I would always help someone if they really needed it.

We use modals with have to talk about something that did not happen in the past :

I didn't see Mary, or I might have spoken to her. It's a pity Jack wasn't at the party. He would have enjoyed it. Why didn't you ask me? I could have told you the answer.

We use would have in the main clause  and the past perfect in a subordinate clause to talk about something that did not happen in the past :

I would have helped anyone who had asked me. I would have helped you if you had asked me.

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Hi, I have a few questions: 1) When I say I wish it would stop raining, does it mean it won't happen ( it probably won't stop raining) 2) If yes, does 'wish' prefer something likely to happen while 'hope' prefers something unlikely to happen 3) When I say "I wish you a good day" and "I hope you have a good day", is there any difference in the meaning like the probabilities of something will happen? Thanks in advance

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Hello wkey12,

1) It means a) that it is raining and b) that you expect it to continue raining. You don't like the situation but you're pretty sure that it will continue.

2) We use 'wish [that]' to speak about something we would like to happen but which we consider unlikely. Your previous sentence about the rain is a good example. It can also be used to speak about a regret, i.e. a wish that something was different in the past: 'I wish I had worked harder in school. Now I could get a better job if I had.'

3) The use of 'wish' in 'I wish you a good day' is different from 2. In this case, 'wish' means 'hope you have'. Except for its use in some set expressions (e.g. 'I wish you a Merry Christmas' or 'Wishing you a happy birthday'), this use of 'wish' as a verb is unusual in most situations nowadays. There is no difference in meaning or probability between the two forms. The difference is that 'wish' is a form we don't use nearly as much as 'I hope'.

Great questions!

All the best, Kirk LearnEnglish team

Hello can I use past simple for future examples I wish it rained tomorrow I wish you came tomorrow I wish I stayed with you longer is this correct ?

No, the past tense forms here don't express wishes for the future. Instead, they communicate the idea of something that doesn't exist or isn't true or possible:

• 'I wish it were raining' means that it's not raining now but that I want it to rain
• 'I wish you could come tomorrow' means that I would like you to come tomorrow but you cannot
• 'I wish I could stay with you longer' means I'd like to stay longer but I can't

We often use 'hope' to express wishes for the future. So your sentences should be something like:

• 'I hope it rains tomorrow'
• 'I hope you come tomorrow'
• 'I hope I can stay with you longer'

Does that make sense?

Please help me know which sentence is correct: It rains heavily, so I can’t go out. I wish it didn’t rain heavily so that I can go out. Or I wish it didn’t rain heavily so that I could go out.

Hi Rita_79,

If you are talking about rain at this moment (the moment of speaking), it would be better to use a continuous form (e.g.  It's raining ). Simple forms ( it rains  = present simple;  it didn't rain  = past simple), mean the idea of raining repeatedly or regularly (e.g.  It rains very often in London ).

So, to talk about the rain right now, you can say either of these options.

• It's raining  heavily, so I can’t go out.
• I wish it wasn't raining heavily so that I could go out.  ("could" is needed, because this is an unreal action, not a real action)

I hope that helps.

LearnEnglish team

Hello respected team, school boards have the power to change this situation. Were they, for example, to mandate that every school employ a nutritionist to oversee cafeteria offerings as well as conduct healthy eating workshops, this could easily change the reality on the ground and going forward. The sentence "Were they, for example, to mandate that every school.." why "were" is in the beginning of the sentences? Where can I read about this? Thank you

Hi Hosseinpour,

This structure is called an inverted second conditional. The meaning is the same as "If they mandated that ..." or "If they were to mandate that ...". You can read more about this on our new C1 grammar page, Inversion and conditionals (linked) . 

I hope it helps.

Thank you sir for the help and time. Thank you

Hi, I have a wonder. In this article, you say 'when we talk about wishes for futures, we use wish + would/ could", but in a video of BBC Learning (I attached the link below), they say "we use 'hope' for wishes in the futures'. Can you explain this difference? Thanks! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LJcXRxy-nDU

Hello janele9284,

We use wish + could/would to talk about situations in the future that we do not believe will come true. In this sense they are true wishes, not expectations or beliefs. In all of the examples on the page, the situation is one in which the desired outcome is a dream or fantasy, not a reality:

I don't like my work. I wish I could get a better job. [...but I can't] That's a dreadful noise. I wish it would stop. [...but it won't] I always have to get home early. If only my parents would let me stay out later. [...but they won't ]

Hope (or other verbs like want, desire, plan, mean, intend, expect etc) suggests that something is a realistic possibility. We have some optimism that it can occur. For example:

I hope I win the lottery! [I have a ticket - there's a chance] I wish I could win the lottery! [I don't believe it will happen - in fact, I may not even have a ticket]

The LearnEnglish Team

Hi! What verbs would you use in a sentence where another clause is inside a hypothetical clause? For example:

I wish that the class were one of the one that was offered to everyone.

Should the "was" be another "were"? "that were offered to everyone"? "that would be offered to everyone"? Which of these is most right?

Hello bbctol,

The correct sentence would be as follows:

I wish that the class were one of the ones that was offered to everyone.

Inside the relative clause here (that was offered...) there is no hypothetical meaning. It has an adjectival function providing a description of the preceding noun phrase.

Dear teacher, I have a question about the usage of wish in the present and in the future. I think they should be all the wish in the future, due to it's contrary to the fact of this moment, nothing is real now, so can I use all the present wish with wish structure in the future (with "would", "could") ?. For example, I'd use lesson examples:

I don't like this place. I wish I lived somewhere more interesting. ==> Can I say : I don't like this place. I wish I could live somewhere more interesting ? John wishes he wasn't so busy. ==> Can I say : John wishes he wouldn't be so busy. Don't you ever wish you ___ more free time? ==> the answer is "had", but I want another answer, can I say Don't you ever wish you could have more free time ?

Hello lien.t,

Re: 1, you can say both 'I wish I lived' and 'I wish I could live', but there is a slight difference in meaning. 'I wish I could live' focuses on your ability to live in a different place -- perhaps, for example, you have the money to live in a different city, but you need to stay where you are so that you can take care of your elderly parents. 'I wish I lived' doesn't focus on ability; it's less specific.

Re: 2, we don't typically use 'I wish I would + verb' but instead 'I wish I verb-ed' (past form). We do use 'I wish (some other subject) + would + verb'. In this case, 'would' expresses the idea of the person or object not being willing to act as we wish. This is mentioned on our Wishes: 'wish' and 'if only' page.

3 is similar to 2. It's not correct to say 'John wishes he wouldn't be so busy'.

Re: 4, yes, you could also say 'could have'. It's similar to 1.

Does that help make sense of it?

Dear teacher Kirk, yes I can understand now. Thank you so much!

Hello, About the verb "wish", in the present tense form, for something is likely to be true or to happen. In the two sentences below: I wish my English becomes better with practice or I would like my English to become better with practice Is there any difference, or is the meaning the same?

Thanks for your reply.

Hello User_1,

'I wish my English becomes better with practice' is not correct -- we use a past form of some sort after 'wish' to express the idea of unreality, i.e. that things are not how we want them to be. I don't know Italian, but in Spanish and Catalan, for example, a subjunctive form is used to express this idea; in English, we use a past form as a kind of subjunctive form for the same purpose.

So you could say ' I wish my English became better with practice' and that would be correct. This expresses a wish that you don't think can be fulfilled; it means that your English is not improving despite your practice.

Or you use 'I hope' to express a wish for the future: ' I hope my English becomes better with practice'. This expresses a wish that you do think can be fulfilled.

I hope this helps you.

Hello Kirk, I am really sorry for my mistake. I got confused. Thanks for your explanation.

For sure, I prefer the expression "I hope my English becomes better with practice", and I hope this becomes reality.

All the best

No need to apologize! Making mistakes is an essential part of the learning process and I'm glad the explanation was useful.

Which one correct 1. It is raining outside. I wish I slept I wish I was sleeping

It should be  I wish I was sleeping  - because the idea is sleeping as a continuous action going on at the moment of speaking.

I hope that helps!

Hello everyone!

I have a question about “wish” when it refers to present and past. Here’s a situation:

Robin: I go to work by car. How do you go to work? Jack: I always go to work on my foot. I wish I went to work by car.

Robin: I don’t smoke. What about you? Jack: I smoke. I wish I didn’t smoke.

Do these wish sentences are correct If we consider them as a state?

Hello khaledA15,

Yes, those sentences are fine. You can also use modal verbs to refer to possibility:

I wish I could go to work by car but it's not possible.

I wish I was able to stop smoking, but it's too difficult.

Thank you so much for this clarification

Please help I am so confused about this kind of sentences: The situation is: I did not pass the exam just now. Can I say: 1) I wish I passed the exam as a present wish. Or 2) I wish I had passed the exam as a past regret. ???

Hello AboodKh9,

After 'wish' we move the tense (time reference) backwards to show that we are talking hypothetically. Thus, a wish or regret about the present uses past:

I wish I was taller! [wishing something about the present]

A wish or regret about the past uses past perfect:

I wish I had passed the exam.

Thank you, and I appreciate your effort. But I want to know exactly about this situation: After I took my exam mark and I failed, I said "I wish I passed" it's correct or not?!

I will be so grateful if you clarify it to me.

Hello AboodKh9,

No, you need to use the past perfect as passing the exam was an act in the past:

Let me wrap it up,please.When we don't know about the result of an event so that we could wish for something different, we use 'hope',whether it's in the past ,present or future.Like: I hope you did well on your test.(hope for a past event) I hope you do/will do well on your test.(hope for a present or future event) Did I get it right,Sir?

Hi Sajatadib,

Yes, that's right!

Hello dear teachers,I've got a question concerning "hope".As it's been said in one of the comments,"hope" is used when the action is possible, but are these sentences correct: I hope you will win the game.( hope for the future) I hope you win the game.( hope for the present or future) Many thanks.

Hello Sajatadib,

We generally use the present simple after 'hope' ('I hope you win the game') and so I would recommend that version, but it's OK to use 'will' ('I hope you will win the game').

All the best, Kirk The LearnEnglish Team

Hello! Could you please explain the difference between usage wish and past perfect and would + present perfect (modals with have) for actions which didn't happen in the past? like: Suppose you hadn't passed your exams. What would you have done? Suppose you wouldn't have passed your exams. What would you have done?

Hi Kristina Karp,

Traditionally, only the first sentence is correct. So, if you are taking an exam (for example), I would recommend using that structure.

However, in modern English usage, it is becoming fairly common to use "would" as in your second sentence. Here's another example: " If you would have called me , I would have helped you." This is usually heard in speaking, especially in informal situations, but there are many people who consider it incorrect too. In any case, the meaning is the same as the first sentence.

It's a bit complicated but I hope that helps!

Hello there, I wanted to know if we could use wish with simple present tense like "I wish I score good mark" and if yes what does it imply or mean by that. Thanks

Hello NobelZ,

To express a wish that we think is possible but we don't know will happen or not, we actually use 'hope' (+ present simple) instead of 'wish': 'I hope I score a good mark'. We can also use this same structure to express good will or intentions to others, e.g. 'I hope you get a good mark on your exam'.

It's also possible to use 'wish' to express good will, but the structure is different. We can say 'I wish you success on your exam' ('wish' + indirect object 'you' + direct object 'success on your exam').

More often, we use 'wish' to speak about a wish that we regard as not possible. That is the grammar explained on this page. If you wished you could get a good mark on an exam but see it as impossible, the most direct way of saying it is probably 'I wish I could get a good mark'.

Good morning! I wanted to know if 'I wish you to be quiet' and 'I wish that you will be quiet' mean the same. Thanks in advance!

Actually, the second sentence should be "I wish (that) you WOULD be quiet" (use "would" with past forms to say your wishes for the future. See the examples on the page above).

Yes, it means the same things as your first sentence, but the first sentence is more formal in style than the second. :)

Jonathan The LearnEnglish Team

Hi Ahmed Imam,

Both are grammatically correct, but I would choose  would here.  Would  refers to the person's willingness. The sentence is asking the person to try a bit harder to hurry.

Could  refers to the person's ability.  I wish you could hurry  means that, for some reason, the person is unable (not just unwilling) to hurry. So, I think the  would  option would be the more common situation.

Yes, I agree with your colleague. The two options both make sense, but they have slightly different meanings:

• I wish I had been rich, ...  - this third conditional structure shows an imagined  past situation. In the sentence, 'being rich' refers specifically to the time when I borrowed the money (i.e., 'If I had been rich at that time , ...'). It sounds like the borrowing did not happen recently.
• I wish I were rich, ... - this second conditional structure shows an imagined (i.e. unreal) present situation, i.e. being rich now. We might use this if the borrowing happened recently.

Hello Ahmed Imam,

Both are possible, but 'was' is much more common.

All the best,

Helo Ahmed Imam,

The sentence is correct. We don't use would when we are describing our own behaviour since we are in control of our own choices. However, here the wishing is done not by 'we' but by 'they', so it is fine.

• wish sth + past [ wish the weather were ] describes the situation at the moment; it imagines a different present
• wish sth + would [ wish the weather would ] describes the future; it imagines a hoped-for future

Since we are talking about the future, the verb 'be' does not work here. You could use 'improve', however, or refer to a concrete change ( I wish it would stop raining ).

Note that 'wish sb would' is used when we are talking about behaviour. For example:

I wish he would stop talking! [he talks too much; I hope this changes in the future]

Obviously, behaviour is something people have. It requires choice and involves making a decision. Thus we generally use the form with people rather than things, though we can anthropomorphise things such as cars, computers, the weather etc.

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HYPOTHESIS in a Sentence

Learn HYPOTHESIS from example sentences, some of them are from classic books. The app collects 40,000 words and 300,000 sentences. Input your word, you get not only its meaning and example, but also some sentences' contexts in classic literature.

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Definition of hypothesis

Did you know.

The Difference Between Hypothesis and Theory

A hypothesis is an assumption, an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

In the scientific method, the hypothesis is constructed before any applicable research has been done, apart from a basic background review. You ask a question, read up on what has been studied before, and then form a hypothesis.

A hypothesis is usually tentative; it's an assumption or suggestion made strictly for the objective of being tested.

A theory , in contrast, is a principle that has been formed as an attempt to explain things that have already been substantiated by data. It is used in the names of a number of principles accepted in the scientific community, such as the Big Bang Theory . Because of the rigors of experimentation and control, it is understood to be more likely to be true than a hypothesis is.

In non-scientific use, however, hypothesis and theory are often used interchangeably to mean simply an idea, speculation, or hunch, with theory being the more common choice.

Since this casual use does away with the distinctions upheld by the scientific community, hypothesis and theory are prone to being wrongly interpreted even when they are encountered in scientific contexts—or at least, contexts that allude to scientific study without making the critical distinction that scientists employ when weighing hypotheses and theories.

The most common occurrence is when theory is interpreted—and sometimes even gleefully seized upon—to mean something having less truth value than other scientific principles. (The word law applies to principles so firmly established that they are almost never questioned, such as the law of gravity.)

This mistake is one of projection: since we use theory in general to mean something lightly speculated, then it's implied that scientists must be talking about the same level of uncertainty when they use theory to refer to their well-tested and reasoned principles.

The distinction has come to the forefront particularly on occasions when the content of science curricula in schools has been challenged—notably, when a school board in Georgia put stickers on textbooks stating that evolution was "a theory, not a fact, regarding the origin of living things." As Kenneth R. Miller, a cell biologist at Brown University, has said , a theory "doesn’t mean a hunch or a guess. A theory is a system of explanations that ties together a whole bunch of facts. It not only explains those facts, but predicts what you ought to find from other observations and experiments.”

While theories are never completely infallible, they form the basis of scientific reasoning because, as Miller said "to the best of our ability, we’ve tested them, and they’ve held up."

• proposition
• supposition

hypothesis , theory , law mean a formula derived by inference from scientific data that explains a principle operating in nature.

hypothesis implies insufficient evidence to provide more than a tentative explanation.

theory implies a greater range of evidence and greater likelihood of truth.

law implies a statement of order and relation in nature that has been found to be invariable under the same conditions.

Examples of hypothesis in a Sentence

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'hypothesis.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Greek, from hypotithenai to put under, suppose, from hypo- + tithenai to put — more at do

1641, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Phrases Containing hypothesis

• nebular hypothesis
• null hypothesis
• Whorfian hypothesis
• planetesimal hypothesis
• counter - hypothesis

Articles Related to hypothesis

This is the Difference Between a...

This is the Difference Between a Hypothesis and a Theory

In scientific reasoning, they're two completely different things

Dictionary Entries Near hypothesis

hypothermia

hypothesize

Cite this Entry

“Hypothesis.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypothesis. Accessed 4 Nov. 2023.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of hypothesis, medical definition, medical definition of hypothesis, more from merriam-webster on hypothesis.

Nglish: Translation of hypothesis for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of hypothesis for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about hypothesis

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What Are Examples of a Hypothesis?

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• Ph.D., Biomedical Sciences, University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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A hypothesis is an explanation for a set of observations. Here are examples of a scientific hypothesis.

Although you could state a scientific hypothesis in various ways, most hypotheses are either "If, then" statements or forms of the null hypothesis . The null hypothesis is sometimes called the "no difference" hypothesis. The null hypothesis is good for experimentation because it's simple to disprove. If you disprove a null hypothesis, that is evidence for a relationship between the variables you are examining.

Examples of Null Hypotheses

• Hyperactivity is unrelated to eating sugar.
• All daisies have the same number of petals.
• The number of pets in a household is unrelated to the number of people living in it.
• A person's preference for a shirt is unrelated to its color.

Examples of If, Then Hypotheses

• If you get at least 6 hours of sleep, you will do better on tests than if you get less sleep.
• If you drop a ball, it will fall toward the ground.
• If you drink coffee before going to bed, then it will take longer to fall asleep.
• If you cover a wound with a bandage, then it will heal with less scarring.

Improving a Hypothesis to Make It Testable

You may wish to revise your first hypothesis in order to make it easier to design an experiment to test. For example, let's say you have a bad breakout the morning after eating a lot of greasy food. You may wonder if there is a correlation between eating greasy food and getting pimples. You propose the hypothesis:

Eating greasy food causes pimples.

Next, you need to design an experiment to test this hypothesis. Let's say you decide to eat greasy food every day for a week and record the effect on your face. Then, as a control, you'll avoid greasy food for the next week and see what happens. Now, this is not a good experiment because it does not take into account other factors such as hormone levels, stress, sun exposure, exercise, or any number of other variables that might conceivably affect your skin.

The problem is that you cannot assign cause to your effect . If you eat french fries for a week and suffer a breakout, can you definitely say it was the grease in the food that caused it? Maybe it was the salt. Maybe it was the potato. Maybe it was unrelated to diet. You can't prove your hypothesis. It's much easier to disprove a hypothesis.

So, let's restate the hypothesis to make it easier to evaluate the data:

Getting pimples is unaffected by eating greasy food.

So, if you eat fatty food every day for a week and suffer breakouts and then don't break out the week that you avoid greasy food, you can be pretty sure something is up. Can you disprove the hypothesis? Probably not, since it is so hard to assign cause and effect. However, you can make a strong case that there is some relationship between diet and acne.

If your skin stays clear for the entire test, you may decide to accept your hypothesis . Again, you didn't prove or disprove anything, which is fine

• What Is a Hypothesis? (Science)
• Null Hypothesis Definition and Examples
• What Are the Elements of a Good Hypothesis?
• Understanding Simple vs Controlled Experiments
• What Is a Testable Hypothesis?
• Null Hypothesis Examples
• What 'Fail to Reject' Means in a Hypothesis Test
• Scientific Method Vocabulary Terms
• How To Design a Science Fair Experiment
• Scientific Hypothesis Examples
• Six Steps of the Scientific Method
• An Example of a Hypothesis Test
• Definition of a Hypothesis
• How to Conduct a Hypothesis Test
• Scientific Method Flow Chart

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